Gait Analysis before and after Gastrocnemius Fascia Lengthening for Spastic Equinus Foot Deformity in a 10-Year-Old Diplegic Child

Table 2

Summary of kinematic parameters (mean and standard deviation) for analysed patient (CP patient; right and left side) in the examined sessions and normative data (Control Group, CG).

	CP patient PRE		CP patient POST1		CP patient POST2		CG
			(2 months)		(10 months)
	right	left	right	left	right	left
Pelvic Tilt (degrees)
Mean Tilt	3.8 (0.7)	3.2 (1.9)	11.4 (0.3)^∗	12.1 (0.7)^∗	7.9 (0.1)^+	8.4 (1.5)^+	8.8 (4.3)
ROM	4.5 (2.7)	5.5 (2.4)	3.3 (0.9)	3.5 (1.1)	3.9 (1.3)	5.5 (0.8)	1.6 (3.6)
Pelvic Obliquity (degrees)
ROM	4.6 (1.1)	5.2 (1.7)	4.1 (0.1)	4.8 (0.1)	4.6 (1.5)	5.2 (0.6)	6.5 (6.9)
Pelvic Rotation (degrees)
ROM	5.4 (0.2)	6.0 (0.3)	4.9 (0.1)	5.6 (0.3)	3.6 (1.4)	4.9 (2.2)	10.7 (5.3)
Hip Flex-Extension (degrees)
IC	38.7 (3.2)	25.9 (1.1)	29.7 (0.1)^∗	27.2 (1.7)	30.6 (0.5)^+	28.8 (2.1)	29.5 (4.4)
Min in St	13.5 (2.7)	4.0 (0.5)	9.8 (0.6)	10.9 (0.5)^∗	5.4 (1.02)^+	8.3 (1.1)^+	−8.7(6.4)
Hip Ab-Adduction (degrees)
ROM	6.1 (0.1)	6.3 (2.9)	3.9 (0.1)	4.7 (0.5)	5.8 (1.9)	6.1 (0.4)	10.7 (3.1)
Hip Intra-extrarotation (degrees)
Mean hip rotation	7.3 (1.7)	8.2 (1.6)	2.6 (0.1)	4.7 (1.3)	5.2 (3.6)	6.7 (0.5)	−1.9(3.9)
Knee Flex-Extension (degrees)
IC	36.8 (0.8)	26.6 (1.9)	10.2 (0.9)^∗	8.2 (2.3)^∗	18.9 (1.5)^∗,+	20.4 (2.8)^∗,+	6.7 (5.5)
Min in St	36.2 (0.5)	20.9 (0.6)	8.7 (3.1)^∗	7.3 (0.9)^∗	18.4 (2.2)^∗,+	21.5 (0.5)^∗,+	4.2 (2.1)
Max in Sw	42.3 (2.2)	29.6 (0.8)	37.1 (0.2)	32.0 (1.3)	48.6 (1.1)^∗,+	50.1 (2.5)^∗,+	60.5 (4.7)
Ankle Dorsi-Plantarflexion (degrees)
IC	−48.1(0.9)	−50.8(1.8)	3.1 (0.7)^∗	7.1 (1.4)^∗	1.9 (0.5)^∗	4.5 (1.4)^∗	-0.5 (4.8)
Max in St	−44.9(1.3)	−48.3(2.5)	12.2 (0.3)^∗	13.1(0.4)^∗	10.0 (2.1)^∗	15.5 (0.6)^∗	12.2 (5.5)
Timing of Max in St (%gc)	24 (2)	40 (3)	40 (1)^∗	58 (2)^∗	30 (3)^∗+	32 (2)^∗,+	35 (3)
ROM in St	9.4 (3.5)	4.1 (3.1)	7.4 (2.3)	10.8 (1.9)^∗	17.5 (3.1)^∗,+	15.4 (0.8)^∗,+	23.4 (4.8)
Max in Sw	−47.6(0.2)	−47.1(1.5)	9.1 (2.5)^∗	13.3 (0.5)^∗	4.7 (1.3)^∗,+	8.4 (2.7)^∗,+	5.8 (6.5)
Foot Progression (degrees)
Mean	−17.5(0.2)	−20.1(3.5)	−15.5(3.6)	−17.1(3.3)	−12.4(1.5)	−14.8(0.4)	−12.5(5.8)

Abbreviations: ROM: Range Of Motion; Min: Minimum value; Max: Maximum value; IC: Initial Contact; St: Stance phase; Sw: Swing phase
Sagittal Plane: positive values: Flexion/Dorsiflexion; negative values: Extension/Plantarflexion. Frontal Plane: positive values: up/adduction; negative values: down/abduction. Transversal plane: positive values: intra-rotation; negative values: extrarotation.
^∗𝑃 <.05, PRE versus POST1 and POST2; ⁺𝑃<.05 POST1 versus POST2.