Immunotherapy Responsive Autoimmune Subacute Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases

Table 1

Comparison of reported cases of subacute encephalitis associated with voltagegated potassium channel antibody (VGKCAb) and antithyroperoxidase (TPO).

Reference no./age/sex	Seizure type	Initial S. sodium (meq/l)	Serum VGKC Ab level (nmol/L)	Other antibodies	MRIΨ	EEGΦ	Response to immune therapy∗	Outcome∗∗	Follow up MRI∗∗∗
Case 1/63/F	CPS, GTCS	128	6.21	TPO, 142	MTS (R>L)	F,T,E	Good (1, 2, 3)	M, S	R (right), N
Case 2/61/F	Frontal lobe seizure (CPS), GTCS	121	0.13	TPO, 474	MTS, A	D, B	Good (1, 3)	M	R
				Anti-TG,102
[7]/49/F	Probable CPS	127	1.42	TPO, 45	MTS	D, T	Good (1)	M	R
[7]/65/M	CPS GTC	120	3.30	TPO, 118; GAD65, 0.09	MTS	D	Good (1)	M	R
[5]/36/F	GTCS	NA	1.038	TPO	N	NAx	Spontaneous resolution	Good	NB

ΨMTS = Bilateral mesial temporal high signal, A = bilateral frontotemporal atrophy, N = Normal.
ΦD = Diffuse slowing, E = bitemporal epileptiform discharges, B = Frontal beta activity, T = bitemporal slowing, F = bifrontal slowing.
∗1 = Intravenous steroids, 2 = Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 3 = Plasma exchange (PLEX), 4 = Azathioprine, 5 = Rituximab, 6 = Mycophenolate mofetil.
∗∗M = Memory deficits, B = Behavioral changes, S = Seizures.
∗∗∗H = Hippocampal atrophy, R = Resolution of high signals, NB = Normal at baseline, N = new lesion in the left medial temporal lobe.
xNA = Data not available.