An Unusual Presentation of Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Patient with Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Table 1

Reported cases of tumor lysis syndrome in solid tumors (1977–2011).

Tumor type	Treatment	Outcome of TLS	Year published	Reference
Small cell carcinoma	DOXO, CDDP, VP-16, VCR	Died	1983	[20]*
	DOXO, CTX, VCR	Resolved	1983	[21]*
	CCNU, CTX, MTX	Died	1988	[22]*
	CDDP, VP-16	Resolved	1988	[22]^†
	DOXO, CTX, VCR	Resolved	1990	[23]*
	DOXO, IF	Resolved	1991	[24]^‡
	CDDP, VP-16	Resolved	1997	[25]*
	CDDP, VP-16	Resolved	1997	[26]*
	CDDP, VP-16	Died	1999	[27]*
	CDDP, VP-16	Died	2001	[28]*
	TOPO	Died	2002	[29]*
	CBCDA, VP-16	Resolved	2005	[30]*
	None	Died	2011	[9]*
Squamous cell carcinoma	None	Resolved	2009	[10]^#
	None	Died	2009	[11]^##
Adenocarcinoma of the lung	CPT-11, CDDP	Resolved	1998	[31]
	None	Died	2000	[12]
	ZOL	Died	2005	[32]
	DTX	Died	2006	[33]
Mixed small cell and nonsmall cell tumor of the lung	CBCDA, PTX	Died	2002	[34]
GI tract	None	Died	1997	[13]
	SUN	Resolved	2007	[35]
	IMA	Died	2007	[36]
Gastric cancer	None	Resolved	2001	[14]
	CAP, CDDP	Resolved	2008	[37]
	OX, LV, FUDR, DTX	Resolved	2011	Current case
Colorectal cancer	CPT-11	Died	1996	[38]
	CPT-11	Died	2000	[39]
	None	Resolved	2003	[15]
	5-FU, LV, CPT-11	Died	2004	[40]
	CE	Died	2008	[41]
	CPT-11, 5-FU, F, BEV	Died	2008	[42]
Hepatoblastoma	S	Died	1990	[43]
	CDDP, VCR, 5-FU	Resolved	2010	[44]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	TACE	Died	1998	[45]
	TACE	Resolved	1998	[45]
	None	Died	2003	[15]
	RF	Resolved	2005	[46]
	TH	Died	2006	[47]
	TOCE	Died	2007	[48]
	TACE	Resolved	2008	[49]
	TACE	Resolved	2009	[50]
	TACE	Resolved	2009	[50]
	SOR	Died	2009	[51]
	SOR	Resolved	2010	[52]
	SOR	Resolved	2010	[53]
Renal carcinoma	SUN	Resolved	2007	[54]
	SUN	Resolved	2010	[55]
	SUN	??	2011	[56]
Transitional cell carcinoma	GC	Died	2007	[57]
Prostate cancer	DTX	Died	2004	[58]
	CAB	Died	2004	[59]
	PTX	Resolved	2005	[60]
	CAB	Died	2007	[61]
Breast carcinoma	TX	Resolved	1986	[62]
	5-FU, DOXO, CTX	Died	1987	[63]
	CTX, MTX, 5-FU	Resolved	1989	[64]
	MIT	Resolved	1994	[65]
	None	Died	1995	[16]
	PTX	Died	1997	[66]
	RT	Died	2000	[67]
	CAP	Died	2004	[68]
	5-FU, EPR, CTX	Resolved	2005	[30]
	GC, CDDP	Resolved	2005	[30]
Ovarian cancer	CBCDA, CTX	Resolved	1993	[69]
	TOPO	Resolved	2005	[70]
Endometrial cancer	CBCDA, PTX	Died	2010	[71]
Vulvar carcinoma	CDDP, 5-FU	Resolved	1993	[72]
	CDDP, 5-FU	Died	1998	[73]
Thymoma	CDDP, DOXO, CS	Resolved	1997	[74]
	S	Resolved	2004	[75]
Melanoma	TNF-alpha, mAb	Died	1994	[76]
	IL-1, IF-alpha, CDDP. VIN, DTIC	Resolved	1999	[77]
	CDDP, DTIC, IF-alpha	Died	2001	[78]
	CS	Resolved	2002	[79]
	CDDP, VIN, DTIC, IF-alpha, IL-2	Resolved	2004	[80]
	TAI-CDDP	Resolved	2009	[81]
	CS	Died	2009	[82]
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia	VP-16, MTX, DACT, CTX, VCR	Resolved	2010	[83]
Germ cell tumor	VIN, BL	Resolved	1989	[64]
	CDDP, VP-16, BL	Resolved	2000	[84]
	None	Resolved	2001	[17]
	None	Resolved	2001	[17]
	BL, VP-16, CDDP	Died	2008	[85]
	VP-16, CBCDA	Resolved	2008	[85]
	VP-16, CBCDA	Died	2008	[85]
	None	Died	2010	[18]
Neuroblastoma	VCR, TN, RT	Resolved	1994	[86]
	RT	Resolved	1994	[86]
	VCR, TN, RT	Resolved	1994	[86]
	CTX, TN	Resolved	1994	[86]
	CTX, DOXO, VCR	Resolved	2003	[87]
Medulloblastoma	RT	Resolved	1984	[88]
	CDDP, VP-16	Resolved	2003	[89]
Sarcoma	CTX, ALT	Resolved	1993	[90]
	CBCDA, EPR, VCR	Resolved	1993	[91]
	CDDP, A, DTIC	Resolved	2009	[92]
	None	Resolved	2010	[19]
	None	Resolved	2010	[19]
	VCR, ACT-D, CTX	Resolved	2011	[93]
Total		D: 41; R: 58; ??: 1	100

5-fluoracilo (5-FU), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-alpha (IF-alpha), anti-GD3 ganglioside monoclonal antibody (mAb), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial oil chemoembolization (TOCE), autolymphocyte therapy (ALT), combined androgen blockade (CAB), Doxorubicin (DOXO), cisplatin (CDDP), etoposide (VP-16), vincristine (VCR), cyclophosphamide (CTX), lomustine (CCNU), methotrexate (MTX), ifosfamide (IF), topotecan (TOPO), carboplatin (CBCDA), paclitaxel (PTX), zoledronic acid (ZOL), vinblastine (VIN), bleomycin (BL), teniposide (TN), radiotherapy (RT), surgery (S), 5-fluoracilo (5-FU), tamoxifen (TX), mitoxantrone (MIT), capecitabine (CAP), gemcitabine (GC), irinotecan (CPT-11), docetaxel (DTX), corticosteroids (CS), sunitinib (SUN), imatinib (IMA), cetuximab (CE), folinic acid (F), bevacizumab (BEV), dacarbazine (DTIC), oxaliplatin (OX), floxuridine (FUDR), leucovorin (LV), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), transcatheter arterial infusion of cisplatin (TAI-CDDP), radiofrequency (RF), thalidomide (TH), sorafenib (SOR), adriamycin (A), actinomycin-D (ACT-D), dactinomycin (DACT), epirubicin (EPR), died (D), resolved (R), inaccessible data (??), small cell carcinoma: lung (*), colon (^†), skin (^‡); squamous cell carcinoma: lung (^#), maxillary sinus (^##); none= TLS developed spontaneously. References: [9–93].