An Unusual Presentation of Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Patient with Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Table 4

Risk factors for tumor lysis syndrome is solid tumors.

Tumor-related factors			Host-related factors
Tumor extension	Cell lysis potential	Pretreatment laboratory findings	(i) Low urinary flow; (ii) Dehydration and/or inadequate hydration; (iii) Preexisting nephropathy*; (iv) Exposure to nephrotoxins; (v) Hypotension; (vi) Obstructive uropathy
(i) Large tumor burden; (ii) Bulky tumor (≥10 cm); (iii) Extensive metastasis ∧; (iv) Extrinsic compression of the genitourinary tract by the tumor	(i) High proliferative rate; (ii) High sensitivity to anticancer therapy; (iii)Type and intensity of initial anticancer therapy (using a combination of multiple chemotherapists)	(i) Elevated LDH; (ii) Elevated serum creatinine; (iii) Elevated serum uric acid; (iv) Elevated serum phosphate

LDH: lactate dehydrogenase. ∧hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and nephromegaly due to metastasis. Bone marrow infiltration. *A patient with preexisting nephropathy from hypertension, diabetes, gout, or other causes is at greater risk for developing acute kidney injury and TLS. References: [1–8].