Case Reports in Medicine

Case Report

Primary Spinal Germ Cell Tumors: A Case Analysis and Review of Treatment Paradigms

Table 1

Reported cases of primary spinal germ cell tumors.
Patient no.SeriesCountryAge/sexLocation MedullaryOperationRadiation craniospinal (Gy)Radiation Local (Gy)ChemotherapyHCGSTGCFollowupRecurrence
1Hisa et al. [5]Japan5/MT11-L3IM, EMBx—35 + 75Actinomycin + methotrexate + vincristine/bleomycin + cisplatin + vinblastine++6 monthsR, NR after amputation of spinal cord
2Zhu et al. [6]China7/MT12-L1IMPRNDND—++——
3Slagel et al. [7]Japan16/FT11-L4IM, EMPR—30———28 monthsNR
4 Aoyama et al. [8]Japan16/FT9-T12IMPR—30.6Ifosfamide + cisplatin + etoposide+—3 yearsNR
5Chute et al. [9]US18/MT6-T8IMBx—50—+—6 monthsNR
6Huang et al. [10]US18/MC3-C6IMPRNDNDBleomycin + cisplatin + etoposide——6 monthsNR
7Kiyuna et al. [11]Japan20/FT11-L3EMTR30.440———2 yearsNR
8Massimino et al. [12]Italy20/ML2IMTR309Cisplatin + etoposide + bleomycin++33 monthsNR
9Kinoshita et al. [13]Japan21/FT9-T11, L2-L3IMPR—25.2Carboplatin + etoposide——3 yearsNR
10Takahashi et al. [14]Japan22/FL1-L2IM, EMPR5730.6Ifosfamide + carboplatin or cisplatin + etoposide+—1.5 yearsNR
11Yamagata et al. [15]Japan24/FT6-T7IMPR25.619.8Ifosfamide + cisplatin + etoposide++6 monthsNR
12 Kawano and Tsujimura [16]Japan24/ML1-L3IM, EMPR1640———NDNR
13Itoh et al. [17]Japan24/MT11-T12IMTR24.152.1———13 monthsNR
14Miyauchi et al. [18]Japan24/MT12-L3IM, EMPR1540———15 monthsNR
15Nakata et al. [19]Japan27/MT7-T9IMPR—48———1 yearR
16Biswas et al. [20]India28/ML2-L4EMTR—20Bleomycin + cisplatin + etoposide++11 monthsR
17Tekkök and Sav [21]Turkey28/ML1-S2EMTR5451Cisplatin + etoposide + bleomycin——22 monthsR, NR after chemotherapy and reresection
18Ganslandt et al. [22]Germany29/MT12-L4IMTR3218.4———2 yearsNR
19Matsuoka et al. [23]Japan31/FT12-L2IMPR—50———15 monthsNR
20Nagasawa et al. [24]Japan31/MMidcervicalIM——51———40 monthsNR
21Sasaki et al. [25]Japan32/FT3-T4IM—27.519.8Methotrexate + etoposide++5 yearsNR
22Watanabe et al. [26] Japan33/FT1-T3IMPR—30Carboplatin + etoposideND—1 yearNR
23Hata et al. [27]Japan33/MT7-T9IMPR—36Carboplatin + etoposide——38 monthsNR
24Yamagata et al. [15] Japan33/MT9-T11IMPR24—Cisplatin + etoposide——2 yearsNR
25Hanafusa et al. [28]Japan34/FT10-T11IMTR3045———24 monthsNR
26Matsuyama et al. [29]Japan34/FT6-T8IMPR—46———12 monthsNR
27Aoyama et al. [8]Japan34/FT8-T10IMBx—30.6Ifosfamide + cisplatin + etoposide+—2 yearsNR
28Nakata et al. [19] Japan35/MT6-T7IMTR24—Carboplatin + etoposide+—2 yearsNR
29Horvath et al. [30]Japan43/ML1-L2EMTR3614———8 monthsNR
30Present caseUSA45/MT2-T5IMPR—45———22 monthsNR
Bx: biopsy; PR: partial resection; TR: total resection; HCG: β-human chorionic gonadotropin; STGC: syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells; M: male; F: female; R: recurrence; NR: norecurrence; bold font: patients with recurrence; IM: intramedullary; EM: extramedullary.