Dialysis and Pregnancy in End Stage Kidney Disease Associated with Lupus Nephritis
Table 2
(a) Safety in pregnancy: drugs commonly used in dialysis. (b) safety in pregnancy: drugs commonly used in systemic lupus erythematous. (c) Key to categories for prescribing medicines in pregnancy.
(a)
Drug
Australian category for prescribing medicines in pregnancy [14]
ACE inhibitors
D
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
D
Calcium channel blockers
C
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
C
Diuretics
Aldosterone antagonist
B3
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
B3
Loop diuretic
C
Potassium-sparing diuretic
C
Thiazide diuretic
C
Thiazide-like diuretic
C
Vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist
D
Phosphate binders
Lanthanum carbonate
B3
Sevelamer
B3
Erythropoietin
A
Iron
Iron polymaltose
A
Iron sucrose
B3
Bone disease
Calcitriol
B3
Paricalcitol
C
Cinacalcet
B3
Itching
Diphenhydramine
A
Hydroxyzine
A
Cetrizine
B2
(b)
Drug
Australian category for prescribing medicines in pregnancy [14]
Drugs which have been taken by a large number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age without any proven increase in the frequency of malformations or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the foetus having been observed.
B1
Drugs which have been taken by only a limited number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age, without an increase in the frequency of malformation or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the human foetus having been observed. Studies on animals have not shown evidence of an increased occurrence of fetal damage.
B2
Drugs which have been taken by only a limited number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age, without an increase in the frequency of malformation or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the human foetus having been observed. Studies on animals are inadequate or may be lacking, but available data show no evidence of an increased occurrence of fetal damage.
B3
Drugs which have been taken by only a limited number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age, without an increase in the frequency of malformation or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the human foetus having been observed. Studies on animals have shown evidence of an increased occurrence of fetal damage, the significance of which is considered uncertain in humans.
C
Drugs which, owing to their pharmacological effects, have caused or may be suspected of causing, harmful effects on the human foetus or neonate without causing malformations. These effects may be reversible. Accompanying texts should be consulted for further details.
D
Drugs which have caused, are suspected to have caused, or may be expected to cause an increased incidence of human fetal malformations or irreversible damage. These drugs may also have adverse pharmacological effects. Accompanying texts should be consulted for further details.
X
Drugs which have such a high risk of causing permanent damage to the foetus that they should not be used in pregnancy or when there is a possibility of pregnancy.
