| | | GPA | EGPA | TB | NTM |
| | Epydemiology | Mean age at diagnosis: 40–60 years
No gender predominance | Mean age at diagnosis: 40 years
No gender predominance | 100 per 100,000 or higher: Sub-Saharan Africa, India, and the islands of Southeast Asia and Micronesia
26 to 100 cases per 100,000: China, central and South America, Eastern Europe, and northern Africa
Less than 25 cases per 100,000: United States, Western Europe, Canada, Japan, and Australia | Environmental contaminants in soil and water, having been isolated from the domestic water distribution network, hot tubs, swimming pools, and workplaces | | Histology | Granulomatous inflammation, vasculitis, and necrosis | Eosinophilic infiltration
Areas of necrosis
Interstitial and perivascular necrotizing granulomas
An eosinophilic, giant cell vasculitis, especially of the small arteries and veins | Granulomas caseating which contain epithelioid macrophages, Langhans giant cells, and lymphocytes | Granulomatous inflammation | | Clinical presentation | Constitutional symptoms (fever, malaise, anorexia, and weight loss)
Ear, nose, and throat manifestations (nasal crusting, sinusitis, otitis media, earache, otorrhea, persistent rhinorrhea, purulent/bloody nasal discharge, oral and/or nasal ulcers, and polychondritis)
Tracheal and pulmonary disease (nodules cavitary, and pulmonary opacities)
Renal manifestations (FSGS) | Poorly controlled asthma and lung disease (migratory infiltrates, pleural effusion, nodules rarely cavitary, and alveolar hemorrhage)
Upper airway and ear disease
Skin involvement
Peripheral neuropathy (mononeuritis multiplex) | Constitutional symptoms (fever, malaise, and weight loss)
Primary disease: pleuritic chest pain, fatigue, cough, arthralgia, and pharyngitis | Persistent fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, malaise, and anorexia
Pulmonary disease
Superficial lymphadenitis
Skin and soft tissue infection | | Laboratory tests | ANCA positive
Urinary sediment disorder | Peripheral blood eosinophilia
ANCA positive
BAL: high percentage of eosinophils in the lavage fluid | CRP elevated. Leukocytosis Hyponatremia, may be associated with the SIADH | Elevated acute phase reactants | | Diagnosis | Biopsy of a site of suspected active disease | Surgical lung biopsy | Radiographic imaging (radiography and TC) and microbiologic testing (sputum AFB smear, mycobacterial culture, and molecular tests) | Recurrent isolation of mycobacteria from sputum or isolated from at least one bronchial wash in a symptomatic patient
Culture of blood for mycobacteria |
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