Causal Link between Ventricular Ectopy and Concussion

Table 2

Heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) data from the 24-hour Holter monitor from April 2013 to October 2018.

HRV metrics	4/11/2013	mTBI 09/2016 10/2016	28/03/2017	06/07/2017	25/10/2017	21/02/2018
Total number beats	101,126		99,836	88,189	89,189	94,663
Minimum HR (bpm)	43		45	44	44	42
Average HR (bpm)	70		70	61	64	66
Maximum HR (bpm)	128		114	94	117	109
ASDNN 5 (ms)	0		45.1	44.2	43.2	45.6
SDANN 5 (ms)	0		169.7	132.3	195.4	182.4
SDNN (ms)	0		177.3	149.4	199.4	183.5
Ultra low (0–0.003 Hz) (ms^2)	0		3,880	3,390	3,938	3,984
Very low (0.003–0.04 Hz) (ms^2)	0		9,135	7,221	7,446	8,995
Low (0.04–0.15 Hz) (ms^2)	0		6,458	5,906	6,203	6,207
High (0.15–0.4 Hz) (ms^2)	0		4,895	4,626	5,100	5,491
Total (0–0.5 Hz) (ms^2)	0		25,745	22,297	24,034	26,188
Ultra low (0–0.003 Hz) (%)	0		15.1%	15.2%	16.4%	15.2%
Very low (0.003–0.04 Hz) (%)	0		35.5%	32.4%	31.0%	34.3%
Low (0.04–0.15 Hz) (%)	0		25.1%	26.5%	25.8%	23.7%
High (0.15–0.4 Hz) (%)	0		19.0%	20.7%	21.2%	21.0%
LH : HF	—		1.32	1.28	1.22	1.13

The two concussions (mTBI) are dated in the table. No HRV data were available on 4-11-2013. ASDNN = average of the standard deviations of all R-R intervals for all 5 min segments in the 24 h recordings; SDANN = standard deviation of all averaged normal sinus R-R intervals for all 5 min segments in the 24 h recordings; SDNN = standard deviation of all normal sinus R-R intervals in the entire 24 h recording. Ultra-low frequency (ULF), 0–0.003 Hz; very low frequency (VLF), 0.003–0.04 Hz; low frequency (LF), 0.04–0.15 Hz; high frequency (HF), 0.15–0.4 Hz; and total frequency (TF), 0–0.5 Hz.