Bilateral Spontaneous Perirenal Hemorrhage in an Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease Hemodialysis Patient

Table 1

Spontaneous bilateral perirenal hemorrhage in ACKD dialysis patients.

	Case  1	Case  2	Case  3	Case  4	Our case
First Author [Ref]	^#Minar et al. [1]	Carlson et al. [2]	Borràs et al. [3]	Ku et al. [4]
Age, sex	35/M	48/M	37/M	46/M	44/M
Race	N.D.	N.D.	Black	N.D.	Yellow
HD/PD	HD	HD	PD (*5 years: HD)	HD	HD
Duration of dialysis	5 years	N.D.	5.5 years	8 years	15 years
Primary disease of ESRD	CGN	Hypertensive nephrosclerosis	Hypertensive nephrosclerosis	Hypertensive nephrosclerosis	Hypertensive nephrosclerosis
Renal Biopsy	N.D.	N.D.	Yes	N.D.	No
Past history	N.D.	CLL	CH-B	N.D.	CABG, Hypothyroidism
Time interval between bilateral perirenal hemorrhage	2 months	4 months	21 months	1 month	6 months
Etiology
1st rupture	N.D.	Cyst rupture	Cyst rupture	**N.D.	Cyst rupture
2nd rupture	N.D.	Cyst rupture	Cyst rupture	**N.D.	Intraparenchymal renal artery aneurysmal rupture
Hemoperitoneum	N.D.	No	Yes	No	No
Antiplatelet agent	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	Aspirin, Cilostazol
Anticoagulant agent	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	Warfarin
Therapy
1st rupture	N.D.	***Emergency surgery	Nephrectomy	Nephrectomy	TAE
2nd rupture	N.D.	TAE + Nephrectomy	Nephrectomy	TAE	TAE
Outcome	N.D.	Alive	Alive	Alive	Alive

N.D.: no data, HD: hemodialysis, PD: peritoneal dialysis, ESRD: end-stage renal disease, CGN: chronic glomerulonephritis, ACDK: acquired cystic kidney disease, CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CH-B: chronic hepatitis B, CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting, TAE: transcatheter arterial emboli.
^#Article in Germany, abstract only.
*He was first treated with HD for 5 years.
**Intrakidney contrast extravasation suggestive of active bleeding was found.
***Disrupted fragments of the kidney were removed, and the renal pedicle was controlled with clamps suture ligated.