Bilateral Ureteral Stenosis with Hydronephrosis as First Manifestation of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s Granulomatosis): A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 3

Summary and characteristics of the reported cases of ureteral stenosis in GPA.

Reference	Year	Age	Sex	Ureteral stenosis		ANCA	Type	Treatment		Course
				Timing	Details			Urological	Medical
27	2003	59	F	Inaugural	Left hydronephrosis with a 3 cm-long iliac ureteral stenosis	Negative		Double J stent, resection of the stenosis by open surgery	No	Remission at 12 months
30	2011	71	F	Inaugural	Right hydronephrosis related to a ureteral stenosis	Positive	PR3	Surgical exploration and resection of the stenosis	PRED + CYC	Remission at 6 months
Our case		76	F	Inaugural	Bilateral hydronephrosis related to ureteral stenosis	Positive	PR3	Bilateral ureteral double J stents	PRED + CYC	Remission at 3 months
6, 31	1988	69	F	Relapse	Bilateral hydronephrosis related to pelvic bilateral ureteral stenosis	NA		Bilateral ureteral double J stents	PRED + CYC, and plasma exchanges	Died 3 yr later; no urologic relapse
26, 32	2006	38	F	Relapse	Bilateral dilatation of both collecting systems with bilateral ureteral stenosis	Positive	MPO	Endoscopic dilatation and double J stent on the left side	PRED + CYC	Remission at 12 months
25, 34, 35	1977	60	F	Relapse	Left ureteral obstruction at the pelvic brim	NA		Transureter ureterostomy	PRED + CYC	Remission at 16 months
29, 33	1982	50	M	Relapse	Moderate dilatation on the right urinary tract	NA		Ureteral resection	PRED + CYC	Remission at 10 yr
28	1994	25	F	Relapse	Hydronephrosis in a transplanted kidney by ureteral obstruction at the ureterovesical junction	Positive	NA	Ureteral resection	PRED + CYC + AZA	Remission at 15 yr
6	1995	55	M	Relapse	Right-sided ureteral stenosis	Positive	NA	None	PRED	Remission at 5 yr
27	2003	21	M	Relapse	Isolated right hydronephrosis with a 2 cm-long stenosis of the iliac ureter	Negative		Double J stent followed by open surgery excision	PRED + CYC	Remission at 6 months
24	2012	53	M	Relapse	Right-sided hydronephrosis with ureteral stenosis	Positive	PR3	Ureteral catheter	PRED and MTX	Died 3 yr later; no urologic relapse

Cases reported two or three times. F: female, M: male, NA: not available, PRED: prednisone, CYC: cyclophosphamide, MTX: methotrexate, AZA: azathioprine, and yr: year.