Acute Oxalate Nephropathy Caused by Excessive Vegetable Juicing and Concomitant Volume Depletion

Table 2

Primary and secondary causes of hyperoxaluria.

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Primary (inherited)

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PH1: deficiency of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase

PH2: deficiency of glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase

PH3: deficiency of 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-glutarate aldolase

Secondary (acquired)

Enteric hyperoxaluria: fat malabsorption states, pancreatic insufficiency, intestinal bypass surgeries, and orlistat

Ethylene glycol

Excessive vitamin C ingestion

Excessive ingestion of high-oxalate foods, in particular star fruit

Deficiency of oxalate-degrading bacteria from antibiotic use

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