Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Peritoneal Catheter Knot Formation

Table 1

Summary of reported cases of peritoneal catheter knot formation.

Author/year	Age/sex	Basic pathology	Time interval between shunt and presentation	Presentation	Management
Starreveld et al. (1998) [4]	7 days/F	Hydrocephalus	NA	Bowel gangrene	Bowel resection and ventriculoatrial shunt
Toshifumi and Tatsuro (2001) [14]	63 Y/M	Head injury and hydrocephalus	20 years	Bowel obstruction without gangrene	Laparotomy and unknotting of the catheter
Chopra et al. (2004) [11]	25 Y/F	Bithalamic glioma and hydrocephalus	2 months	Shunt malfunction	Excision of knotted catheter segment
Woerdeman and Hanlo (2006) [12]	10 days/M	Chiari malformation and myelomeningocele	3 days	Shunt malfunction	Unknotting of the catheter
Eftekhar and Hunn (2008) [13]	3.5 Y/M	Hydrocephalus	39 months	Shunt malfunction	Unknotting of the catheter
Mohammed et al. (2011) [9]	14 Y/M	Congenital hydrocephalus	NA	Shunt malfunction	Shunt revision
Borcek et al. (2012) [3]	3 Y/M	Head injury	34 months	Shunt malfunction	Shunt revision
Mohindra and Sharma (2012) [10]	10 Y/M	Congenital hydrocephalus and Crouzon’s syndrome	7 Years	Incidental	Nil
Present case	8 Y/M	Congenital calvarial defect and hydrocephalus	2 months	Shunt infection and malfunction	Shunt revision

NA: no available data.