High-Grade Glioma of the Ventrolateral Medulla in an Adult: Case Presentation and Discussion of Surgical Considerations

Table 2

Summary of adult high-grade glioma case reports in the literature.

Reference	Year	Age	Lesion characteristics	Surgical treatment	Pathology	Multimodality therapy	Outcome
Our case	2014	69	Ventrolateral medulla	Biopsy via far lateral approach	GBM	Temozolomide and radiation	Died 11 months after diagnosis
Hundsberger et al. [2]	2014	48	Pons/medulla	Biopsy	US	US	US
		55	Medulla	Biopsy	US	US	US
Babu et al. [4]	2013	>60	Pons, MCP, medulla	US	US	US	US
Yoshikawa et al. [5]	2013	63	Ventral, diffuse medulla	None (diagnosis made at autopsy)	GBM	Temozolomide and radiation (tolerated for only 4 days)	Died 18 days after treatment
Chotai et al. [6]	2012	51	Dorsal, exophytic medulla	NTR via suboccipital approach	GBM	Temozolomide and radiation	19 months postsurgical survival
Lakhan and Harle [7]	2009	48	Diffuse, pons, medulla, cervical spine	None (diagnosis made at autopsy)	GBM	None	Died 4 weeks after presentation
Luetjens et al. [8]	2009	40	Dorsal, exophytic medulla	NTR via suboccipital approach	GBM	Temozolomide and radiation	Two years postsurgical survival
Shad et al. [9]	2005	28	Pons, medulla	Sx biopsy	AA	US	US
Kyoshima et al. [10]	2004	55	Dorsal, exophytic, medulla	GTR via suboccipital approach	GBM	Radiation for recurrence 1 year and 8 months postoperatively	Died 2 years and 3 months after surgery
Massager et al. [11]	2000	34	Medulla	US	AA	US	US
		37	Medulla	US	AA	US	US
Sahni et al. [12]	1987	24	Medulla	Sx biopsy	AA	Radiation	US
		27	Cervicomedullary junction	Sx biopsy	AA	Radiation	Died 1.5 years after surgery
		30	Medulla, 4th ventricle	Sx biopsy	AA	Radiation	US

US: unspecified.
AA: anaplastic astrocytoma.
Sx: Stereotactic.
GTR: gross total resection.
NTR: Near total resection.
MCP: middle cerebellar peduncle.