EEG-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Restoring Upper Limb Function in Chronic Stroke with Severe Hemiplegia

Figure 4

Illustration of the integrated BCI and FEST system. The electrical stimulation was delivered with a four-channel neuroprosthesis for reaching which could be triggered with a BCI or a manual switch. The BCI used the signal from a single electrode (positioned at location Fz of the 10–20 EEG electrode placement system), and the manual switch allowed for activating the stimulator whenever the BCI failed to identify the intention to move (note that ground channels for the anterior and posterior deltoid stimulation channels are not shown).