Sacral Neuromodulation: Foray into Chronic Pelvic Pain in End Stage Endometriosis

Table 1

Surgical history of the four women in the neuromodulation pilot study. Operations were performed by laparotomy if laparoscopy is not mentioned in the text.

Patient	Age; (years)	year	Operation	Indication	Postoperative; complications
1; G2P2		1999	Laparoscopy	Endometriosis	None
		2000	Laparoscopic left salpingo-oophorectomy	Endometriosis	None
		2000	Laparoscopic right salpingo-oophorectomy, supracervical hysterectomy	Endometriosis	None
		2009	Adhesiolysis and extirpation of the uterine cervix	Pelvic pain	None
		2011	Anterior resection, appendicectomy, and adhesiolysis	Pelvic pain (left side)	None
	43	2014	Neuromodulation test period and a permanent pulse generator installation (right S4)	Pelvic pain	None
2; G0P0		2002	Left salpingo-oophorectomy and adhesiolysis	Endometriosis	None
		2006	Anterior resection and ileostomy	Sigmoid perforation	Rectal anastomosis stricture
		2007	Reanterior resection and ileostomy closure		None
		2009	Adhesiolysis, ileum resection, and supracervical hysterectomy	Postoperative adhesions, bowel obstruction	None
		2013	Re-reanterior resection, resection of left ureter, extirpation of the uterine cervix, and ileostomy	Endometriosis (main symptom pain) and anal incontinence and defecation difficulties	Ureteral anastomosis leakage treated by pyelostomy and drainage
		2013	Ileostomy closure		None
	50	2014	Neuromodulation test period and a permanent pulse generator installation (left S4)	Pelvic pain and defecation difficulties	None
3; G2P2		1991	Laparoscopy	Endometriosis	None
		1995	Laparoscopy	Endometriosis	None
		2003	Laparoscopic excision of sacrouterine ligaments and electrocoagulation of peritoneal endometriosis	Endometriosis	None
		2005	Laparoscopic electrocoagulation of peritoneal endometriosis and adhesiolysis	Endometriosis	None
		2008	Hysterectomy and excision of peritoneal endometriosis	Endometriosis	None
		2010	Laparoscopic adhesiolysis and left salpingo-oophorectomy	Postoperative adhesions, pain, left ovarian cyst	None
		2010	Vaginal resection, extirpation of left periureteral endometriosis	Endometriosis, hydronephrosis	Laparotomy wound infection
	42	2014	Neuromodulation testing period and a permanent pulse generator installation (right S4)	Pelvic pain and defecation difficulties	None
4; G1P0		2011	Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy	Endometriosis	None
		2012	Ileum resection, appendicectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, vaginal resection, and resection of left sacrouterine ligament	Endometriosis, pelvic pain	None
	35	2014	Neuromodulation testing period (left S3)	Pelvic pain	None

Note. G: gravidity, P: parity.