Acute, Nontraumatic Spontaneous Spinal Subdural Hematoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

Table 1

Summary of results from the literature review: Cases of spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma.

	Author and year	Age, years	Sex	Location	Presenting symptoms	Potential RFs	SAH	Treatment	Outcome
(1)	Ainslie, 1958 [5]	67	F	T8–T10	Back pain, paraperesis, bladder dysfunction	No	Yes	Laminectomy T8–T10	Complete recovery
(2)	Schaake and Schafer, 1970 [6]	74	M	NP	NP	NP	No	Surgery	Poor recovery
(3)	Anagnostopoulos and Gortvai, 1972 [7]	63	F	T8–T12	Back, arm, & abdominal pain, paraparesis, bladder dysfunction	No	No	Laminectomy T8–T12	Partial recovery
(4)	Reynolds and Turner, 1978 [8]	57	M	C4–C8	HA, hip pain, paraplegia, hypoesthesia, bowel dysfunction	No	No	Laminectomy C3–T1	Initial improvement then death (cardiopulmonary arrest)
(5)	Sakata and Kurihara, 1984 [9]	56	M	L2-S1	Back pain, paraparesis	Possible RA	No	Laminectomy L2-S1	Complete recovery
(6)	Swann et al., 1984 [10]	46	F	Thoraco-lumbar junction	HA, back pain w/radiation to BLE, paraparesis	No	No	Percutaneous drainage	Complete recovery
(7)	Martinez et al., 1987 [11]	64	M	T5-T6	Paraparesis, hypoesthesia of BLE	No	No	Laminectomy T5-T6	Partial recovery
(8)	Mavroudakis et al., 1990 [12]	38	M	T1-T2	Interscapular pain w/radiation to arm/nipple, paresthesia, HA, vomiting	No	Yes	Conservative	Complete recovery
(9)	Jacquet et al., 1991 [13]	51	M	T6–T8	Back pain, HA, fever, vomiting, slight opisthotonus	No	Yes	Laminectomy T5–T7	Complete recovery
(10)	Longatti et al., 1994 [14]	54	M	T5-L5	Back pain w/radiation to BLE & interscapular area, paraparesis, bladder dysfunction	HTN	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(11)	Kang et al., 2000 [15, 16]	49	F	T5-L3	Back pain, paraparesis	No	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(12)	Kuker et al., 2000 [16]	81	M	Mid T spine	Back pain, paraparesis bladder dysfunction	No	No	Surgery	Complete recovery
(13)	Kuker et al., 2000 [16]	56	F	Thoracolumbar	Paraparesis, bladder dysfunction	No	No	Surgery	Good recovery
(14)	Kirsch et al., 2000 [17]	42	M	Craniocervical junction	Paraplegia, bladder dysfunction	Suicide attempt with natural gas	No	Laminectomy T2–T5	No recovery
(15)	Kirsch et al., 2000 [17]	34	M	T1–T4	Midscapular pain, BLE paresthesia	No	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(16)	Boukobza et al., 2001 [18]	74	M	T6-L4	Back pain, mild motor deficit in R LE	HTN	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(17)	Maeda et al., 2001 [19]	29	F	T1–T4	HA, nausea, neck pain, paraplegia	No	No	Conservative	Partial recovery
(18)	Yamada et al., 2003 [20]	38	F	T1–T7	Interscapular pain, dysesthesia in BLE, bladder dysfunction, motor deficits in BLE	Postpartum, HTN	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(19)	Thiex et al., 2005 [21]	78	M	T4–T11	Paraplegia, bladder dysfunction	No	No	R-sided hemilaminectomy; T5–T11	Death (due to another cause/not SDH)
(20)	Braun et al., 2007 [22]	76	F	Cervicothoracic	Back pain w/radiation to arms	No	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(21)	Braun et al., 2007 [22]	72	F	Cervical t0 lumbar	Neck, pain, tetraparesis	No	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(22)	Kyriakides et al., 2007 [23]	44	M	T2–T6	Back pain, paraplegia, bladder/bowel dysfunction	No	Yes	Laminectomy	Partial recovery
(23)	Kim et al., 2008 [24]	48	F	T1–T4	Paraplegia, bladder dysfunction	Fibromuscular dysplasia	No	Laminectomy T1–T4	No recovery
(24)	Montano et al., 2008 [25]	54	F	T6–T8	Back pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, paraesthesia, hypoesthesia	Polycystic kidney disease	No	Surgery	Complete recovery
(25)	Ozdemir et al., 2008 [26]	50	M	T4–T8	Interscapular pain, paraparesis, hypoesthesia	No	No	Laminectomy T4–T6	Complete recovery
(26)	Al et al., 2009 [27]	57	M		HA, back pain, paraplegia, bladder/bowel dysfunction	No	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(27)	Oh et al., 2009 [28]	59	F	C3–C6	Neck pain, L-sided hemiparesis	HTN, hyperlipidemia	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(28)	Yang et al., 2009 [29]	35	F	L3-S1	HA, back pain, paraparesis	Concurrent intracranial SDH	No	Laminectomy	Complete recovery
(29)	Kakitsubata et al., 2010 [3]	66	M	T11-T12	HA, back pain, L LE pain	No	Yes	Conservative	Complete recovery
(30)	Nardone et al., 2010 [30]	37	M	C4-T4	HA, neck stiffness, cervical radicular pain, paraparesis, hypoesthesia	No	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(31)	Liu et al., 2010 [31]	41	M	Mid T spine	Back pain, paraparesis, bladder dysfunction	Rhabdomyolysis, amphetamine abuse	No	Laminectomy T10-L1	Complete recovery
(32)	Nagashima et al., 2010 [32]	66	M	L1-S1	Leg pain, paraparesis, hypoesthesia, bowel dysfunction	Concurrent intracranial SDH, RA, HTN	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(33)	Chung et al., 2011 [33]	45	F	T5–T11	Back pain, paraparesis, bladder dysfunction	HTN, DM	No	Conservative	Good recovery
(34)	Song et al., 2011 [34]	57	M	C1-T3	Neck & shoulder pain, paraparesis	Chronic renal failure, HTN	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(35)	Yang et al., 2011 [35]	55	F	C2-T6	Paraplegia, hypoesthesia	HTN, DM	No	Conservative	Good recovery
(36)	Yang et al., 2011 [35]	38	M	C6-T5	HA, back pain, cold sweating, dizziness, vertigo, chest pain, hypoesthesia	No	No	Conservative	Good recovery
(37)	Cave and Sharobeem, 2013 [36]	65	M	T12	Back pain, paraplegia	No	No	Conservative	Partial recovery
(38)	Chung et al., 2014 [37]	66	F	C7-T4	HA, neck stiffness	No	No	Conservative	Complete recovery
(39)	Lin and Layman, 2014 [38]	70	M	L4-S1	Back pain, BLE weakness	HTN, hyperlipidemia, cancer, concurrent intracranial SDH	No	Conservative	Partial recovery
(40)	Oh and Eun, 2015 [39]	27	M	T5–T9	Back pain, paraparesis, hypoesthesia, bowel dysfunction, erectile dysfunction	No	No	Conservative	Good recovery
(41)	Visocchi et al., 2015 [40]	45	F	T1–T10	Back pain, paraplegia, anesthesia, bladder & bowel dysfunction	HIV+, HCV+, history of drug abuse	No	Laminectomy T1–T10	Partial recovery
(42)	Zhu et al., 2015 [41]	45	F	T9	Paraplegia, hypoesthesia	No	No	Laminectomy T8–T10	Partial recovery
(43)	Current case, 2017	43	M	T8–T11	Back pain, paraplegia	Drug abuse	No	Laminectomy T8–T10	Poor recovery

BLE: bilateral lower extremity; NP: data not provided; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; HTN: hypertension: L: left; DM: diabetes mellitus; SDH: subdural hematoma.