Corticobasal Syndrome Associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome Secondary to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Table 2

Reported cases of corticobasal syndrome associated with antiphospholipid syndrome.

Case	Authors	APS	Age/sex	Imaging studies	Treatment	Follow-up; (period)
1	Lees and Morris [5]	primary	44/F	MRI: multiple infarcts in the cerebral hemispheres and basal ganglia with prominent lesions in the right parietal lobe and head of the left caudate nucleus	Warfarin and aspirin	Moderate improvement; in apraxia; (3 years)
2	Martino et al. [6]	primary	56/F	MRI: extensive white matter changes, marked diffuse cerebral corticosubcortical atrophy, and several infarcts in both hemispheres involving multiple vascular territories, including the striatum bilaterally	Aspirin and warfarin were separately tried	Progressive deterioration; (2 years)
3	Lee et al. [7]	primary	47/M	MRI: only diffuse brain atrophy without evidence of cerebral infarction, and; dopamine transporter imaging studies using [^18F] FP-CIT PET: normal	Warfarin	No change; (6 months)
4	Our case	secondary	53/F	MRI: marked cortical atrophy, several small infarctions in the deep white matter, and mild white matter changes, no infarction nor atrophy in the striatum; -ECD SPECT: decreased cerebral blood flow in the bilateral central area extending into the frontal and parietal areas	Aspirin	No significant change; (8 years)

APS, antiphospholipid syndrome; [¹⁸F] FP-CIT PET, positron emission tomography using ¹⁸F-fluorinated N-3-fluoropropyl-2-β-carboxymetholxy-3-β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane; -ECD SPECT, single photon emission tomography using technetium-99m-L, L-ethyl cysteinate dimer.