A Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical Technique for Treating Lumbar Disc Herniation in the Setting of Spina Bifida

Figure 2

Preoperative X-ray and CT scan. (a) AP X-ray demonstrates the spina bifida occulta at L4-5; note the aberrant lamina. (b) Lateral X-ray demonstrates the L4-5 spondylolisthesis and the posterior subcutaneous calcification. (c) Axial CT image demonstrates the left L4-5 abnormal facet complex and the subcutaneous calcification.