A Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical Technique for Treating Lumbar Disc Herniation in the Setting of Spina Bifida

<div>Intraoperative fluoroscopy. (a) Lateral fluoroscopic image of the beveled tubular retractor and endoscope at the L4-5 foramen. A semibendable grasper is displayed removing disc. (b) AP fluoroscopic image of the beveled tubular retractor and endoscope in the foramen and the rigid endoscopic grasper removing herniated disc.</div>

Case Reports in Neurological Medicine

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Figure 3

Figure 3: A Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical Technique for Treating Lumbar Disc Herniation in the Setting of Spina Bifida 