Case Report
Incisional Site Metastasis in a Patient with Cervical Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Table 2
Potential risk factors of abdominal metastasis.
| (a) Patient | (i) Local immunoreactions | (ii) Wound hypoxia and acidosis leading to angiogenesis | (iii) Hematogeneous spread around umbilicus | (iv) Inflammation oncotaxis |
| (b) Disease | (i) Advanced disease | (ii) Adenocarcinoma cell type | (iii) Peritoneal carcinomatosis | (iv) Lymph node disease | (v) Seed and soil theory |
| (c) Surgical technique | (i) Mechanical port irrigation | (ii) No use of endobags | (iii) Trocar size | (iv) Direct implantation by instruments or gloves |
| (d) Laparoscopic environment | (i) Use of carbon-dioxide | (ii) Pneumoperitoneum |
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