Gestational Tubal Choriocarcinoma Presenting as a Pregnancy of Unknown Location following Ovarian Induction

Table 1

Well-documented tubal choriocarcinoma case reports published in the literature in the last 10 years.

Study	Age	Last menstrual period	hCG levels (mIU/mL)	Clinical presentation	Tumor size (cm)	Surgical management	Chemotherapy	Genetic analysis
Bacalbasa et al., 2018 [4]	19	NA	NA	Abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding at presentation. Sigmoid colon invasion at recurrence	5	Unilateral salpingectomy at presentation. Recurrence managed with total hysterectomy, contralateral adnexectomy and sigmoid colon resection	MTX and ActD	No
Boynukalin et al., 2011 [5]	38	7 weeks	>15,000	Abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding	3.4	Unilateral salpingectomy	NA	NA
Butler et al., 2010 [6]	24	6 weeks	15,000	Abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding	3	Unilateral salpingectomy	MTX	No
Cianci et al., 2014 [7]	30	20 weeks	24,474	Coexisting intrauterine pregnancy and abdominal pain. Pulmonary metastasis	8	Unilateral adnexectomy at 20 weeks (delivery at 31 weeks)	EMA-CO after delivery	No
Davies et al., 2010 [8]	24	6 weeks	15,000	Abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding	3	Unilateral salpingectomy	MTX	No
Jia et al., 2017 [9]	39	6 weeks	7,158	Vaginal bleeding and palpable abdominal mass. Pulmonary metastasis	14	Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy	Yes (type not reported)	No
Jwa et al., 2017 [10]	34	6 weeks	7,054	Asymptomatic	2	Unilateral salpingectomy	EMA-CO	No
Karaman et al., 2015 [11]	31	7 weeks	29,251	Abdominal pain, fatigue, hypotension and tachycardia	4	Unilateral salpingectomy	MTX	No
Lin et al., 2017	38	9 months	267,836	Asymptomatic	4.6	Unilateral salpingectomy	MTX	Yes
Mehrotra et al., 2012 [12]	30	3.5 months	326,100	Abdominal pain, fever, fatigue, tachycardia, palpable mass 1 month after first trimester abortion	16	Unilateral adnexectomy	EMA-CO	No
Nakayama et al., 2011 [13]	26	5 months	9,903	Vaginal bleeding	6.4	Unilateral salpingectomy	None	Yes
Rettenmaier et al., 2013 [14]	32	NA	4,759	Abdominal pain	NA	Unilateral salpingectomy	Patient refused	No
Ubayasiri et al., 2010 [15]	36	6 weeks	3,160	Vaginal bleeding	3	Unilateral salpingectomy	MTX	No
Wan et al., 2014 [16]	54	3 months	291,116	Vaginal bleeding	4	Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy	5-Fu and KSM	No

NA: not available; hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; cm: centimeter; MTX: methotrexate; ActD: actinomycin D; EMA-CO: etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, vincristine; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; KSM: kengshengmycin.