Case Report
Squamous Carcinoma of the Neovagina after Male-to-Female Reconstruction Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Table 2
Primary treatment, histopathology of tumours and lymph nodes, results of treatment, and additional clinical data.
| Reference | Primary treatment | Pathology | Lymph nodes | Result/therapy | Additional clinical data |
| Y. Harder et al. [6] | Total resection of neovagina followed by combined chemoradiotherapy | HPV-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the penis | No enlargement | Disease-free follow-up for 2.5 years | Previous history of chronic venereal warts (low-risk HPV infection) |
| H. Fernandes et al. [7] | Combined chemoradiotherapy | Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma | No information | Disease-free follow-up for at least 2 years | No history of STIs including warts, negative p16 immunohistochemistry |
| J. Bollo et al. [8] | Tumour exenteration and chemotherapy | Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma | No enlargement | Death after 2 months | High-risk HPV (type 16) infection, death due to sepsis and multi-organ failure |
| Present case | Combined chemoradiotherapy | High grade squamous carcinoma | positive | Death 2 years after diagnosis | High-risk HPV (type 51) infection, HIV infection, multiple osseous metastases at time of diagnosis |
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