Squamous Carcinoma of the Neovagina after Male-to-Female Reconstruction Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 2

Primary treatment, histopathology of tumours and lymph nodes, results of treatment, and additional clinical data.

Reference	Primary treatment	Pathology	Lymph nodes	Result/therapy	Additional clinical data
Y. Harder et al. [6]	Total resection of neovagina followed by combined chemoradiotherapy	HPV-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the penis	No enlargement	Disease-free follow-up for 2.5 years	Previous history of chronic venereal warts (low-risk HPV infection)
H. Fernandes et al. [7]	Combined chemoradiotherapy	Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma	No information	Disease-free follow-up for at least 2 years	No history of STIs including warts, negative p16 immunohistochemistry
J. Bollo et al. [8]	Tumour exenteration and chemotherapy	Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma	No enlargement	Death after 2 months	High-risk HPV (type 16) infection, death due to sepsis and multi-organ failure
Present case	Combined chemoradiotherapy	High grade squamous carcinoma	positive	Death 2 years after diagnosis	High-risk HPV (type 51) infection, HIV infection, multiple osseous metastases at time of diagnosis