Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Case Report

Postpartum Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): Three Case Reports and Literature Review

Table 1

Review of the cases included in the literature.
NAuthorsAgeOnset (Puerperium)Instrumental DiagnosisSeizuresOther symptoms 
 CNS not CNS		TreatmentMVEarly complications ICU Results 
 Follow Up 
MRI		Clinical Outcome
1Cozzolino M. [7]32EarlyCT, MRINoYes
  Yes		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoYesNormalFull remission
2Zis P. [8]35LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		AntiepilepticYesNoNoNormalFull remission
3Orehek E. [9]26LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		YesCerebral HerniationYes Mild left arm dysmetria
and persistence of brisk muscle strecht reflexes
4Kauntia R. [10]27LateMRINoYes
  No		AntihypertensiveNoNoNoNormalFull remission
5Aygun B.K. [11]23EarlyMRINoYes
  No		Multi drugNoNoNoNormalFull remission
6Peng W.X. [12]36EarlyMRIYesYes
  No		Multi drugNoNoNoNormalFull remission
7Pizon A.F. [13]27LateMRIYesYes
  Yes		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoYes Full remission
8Servillo G. [14]27LateMRIYesNo
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		YesNoYesNormalFull remission
9Servillo G. [14]24EarlyMRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoYesNormalFull remission
10Servillo G. [14]29LateMRINoYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoYesNormalFull remission
11Servillo G. [14]27LateMRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoSubarachnoid HemorrhageYesDeathDeath
12Patil V.S. [15]21LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoNoNormalFull remission
13Maggi G. [16]35EarlyCT, MRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoYesNormalFull remission
14Babahabib M.A. [17]31EarlyMRIYesYes
  No		Multi drugNoNoYesNormalFull remission
15Doherty H. [18]19LateMRIYesYes
  No		AntiepilepticNoNoNoNormalFull remission
16Gimovsky M.L. [19]25LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		MultidrugNoShort-Term Memory Loss
 Lupus Cerebral Vasculitis		YesNormalFull remission
17Papoutsis D. [20]27LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		YesNoYesNormalFull remission
18Ehtisham S. [21]30LateMRIYesYes
  Yes		AntihypertensiveNoNoYesNormalFull remission
19Gomez-Gonzales C. [22]38EarlyMRIYesYes
  No		AntiepilepticNoNoYesNormalFull remission
20Kameda G.W. [23]30LateMRIYesNo
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		YesNoYesNormalFull remission
21Lawson G. [24]47LateMRINoYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoPartial ScotomaNo Mild visual blurring at watching television
22Lemmens R. [25]30LateMRIYesYes
  No		Multi drugNoLoss of consciousness for two daysNoNormalFull remission
23Negro A. [26]37EarlyMRIYesYes
  No		Multidrug
 Plasma Exchange		NoNoNoNormalFull remission
24Pezzi M. [27]35LateMRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoYesNormalFull remission
25Siddiqui T.S. [28]35LateMRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoYesNormalFull remission
26Singhal A.B. [29]21LateCT, MRI, TCAYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoMinor subarachnoid hemorrhageNoNormalFull remission
27Singhal A.B. [29]23LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoNoNormalFull remission
28Singhal A.B. [29]31LateMRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoDissection of ELICANoNormalFull remission
29Uwatoko T. [30]30LateCT, MRINoYes
  No		Multi drugNoNoNoNormalFull remission
30Wahab W. [31]20LateCTYesYes
  No		AntihypertensiveNoNoNoNormalFull remission
31Wernet A. [32]24EarlyCT, MRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoNoNormalFull remission
32Zhang M. [33]27LateMRIYesYes
  No		Multi drugNoNoNoNormalFull remission
33Etesse B. [34]23EarlyMRIYesYes
  No		AntiepilepticNoNoNoNormalFull remission
34Farissier F. [35]35LateCT, MRINoYes
  No		Multi drugNoNoNoNormalFull remission
35Bakkali H. [36]23LateCT, MRIYesYes
  Yes		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		YesAcute pulmonary edemaNoNormalFull remission
36Finocchi V. [37]28LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		AntiepilepticNoNoNoNormalFull remission
37Finocchi V. [37]30LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		AntiepilepticNoNoNoNormalFull remission
38Finocchi V. [37]30LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		AntiepilepticNoNoNoNormalFull remission
39Cho H.J. [38]31LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoShort-term memory loss
 Pulmonary edema		NoNormalFull remission
40Onrubia X. [39]23EarlyCT, MRINoYes
  Yes		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoYesNormalFull remission
41Tsukimori K. [40]28EarlyMRIYesYes
  No		MultidrugNoNoNoNormalFull remission
42Prout R. [41]32LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		Multi drugNoNoYesNormalFull remission
43Torrillo T.M. [42]32LateMRIYesYes
  No		AntiepilepticNoNoNoNormalFull remission
44Chiu-Ming H. [43]33LateMRIYesYes
  No		AntiepilepticNoNoNoNormalFull remission
45Domingues-fuentes B. [44]25LateCT, MRIYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		YesNoYesNormalFull remission
46Oyinloye O.I. [45]20EarlyCTYesYes
  No		Antiepileptic
 Antihypertensive		NoNoNoNormalFull remission
47Garg R.K. [46]25LateMRIYesYes
  No		AntihypertensiveNoNoNoNormalFull remission
CNS: central nervous system, MV: mechanic ventilation, ICU: intensive care unit, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, CT: computed tomography, CTA: computed tomographic angiographic; Multidrug: therapy including antiepileptic, antihypertensive, and other kind of drugs such as diuretics or antiplatelets or anticoagulants, and ELICA: extracranial internal left carotid artery.