Uterine Torsion in an Elderly Woman Associated with Leiomyoma and Continuously Elevating Muscle Enzymes: A Case Study and Review of Literature

Table 2

Literature analysis on postmenopausal uterine torsion (PubMed available articles from 2010 to 2020).

Authors	Age	Symptoms	Peritoneal signs	Medical history	Time from onset to surgery	Torsion degree	Operation	Postoperative course
Halassy and Clarke [2]	70	Mild abdominal pain; Back and shoulder pain	(-)	Leiomyoma (16 cm); Atrial fibrillation; Type 2 DM	2 days	180	ATH+BSO	Blood transfusion
Wang et al. [6]	86	Renal failure; Abdominal discomfort; Appetite loss and delirium	(-)	Leiomyoma (16 cm); Umbilical hernia	>7 days	360	ATH+BSO
Chua et al. [10]	73	Mild abdominal pain; Back pain	(-)	Leiomyoma (18 cm)	14 days	360	ATH+BSO
Yap et al. [12]	57	Severe abdominal pain; Nausea	Unknown	Ovarian cyst (31 cm)	1 day	180	ATH+BSO
Havaldar and Ashok [11]	55	Severe abdominal pain; Nausea and distention	(+)	Ovarian cyst (21 cm)	1 day	180	ATH+BSO
Sikora-Szczesniak et al. [3]	67	Mild abdominal pain	(-)	Leiomyoma (27 cm); Periumbilical hernia	5 days	180	AHT+BSO	Blood transfusion
Luk et al. [9]	61	Mild abdominal pain; Distention	(-)	Leiomyoma (15.5 cm); Hiatus hernia	5 days	720	ATH+BSO	Hemorrhagic shock

ATH: abdominal total hysterectomy; BSO: bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Maximum diameters of the leiomyomas or ovarian cysts are enclosed in parentheses.