Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome Secondary to Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Unknown Origin: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Table 3

Cairo-Bishop clinical tumor lysis syndrome grading.

	Grade 0	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4	Grade 5
Creatinine	None	>1.5 times ULN	1.5-3 times ULN	>3-6 times ULN	>6 times ULN	Death
Cardiac arrhythmias	None	No intervention needed	Nonurgent medical intervention indicated	Symptomatic and incompletely controlled medially or with device (e.g., defibrillator)	Life threatening (e.g., arrhythmia with hypotension, heart failure)	Death
Seizures	None	None	One generalized seizure, seizures controlled by anticonvulsants, or infrequent focal motor seizures not interfering with ADL	Seizures in which consciousness is altered; poorly controlled seizure disorder, with breakthrough generalized seizures despite medical intervention	Seizure which is prolonged, repetitive or difficult to control	Death