|
| Author | Diagnosis | Case | Immune checkpoint inhibitor | Investigations and clinical findings |
|
| Carausu et al. [20] | Radiation myelitis | 68 male, metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer | Pembrolizumab 8 cycles over 24 weeks | Spine MRI T1 hypointense signal and enhancement at site of prior radiation (30 Gray in 10 fractions), CSF protein 0.84 g/L |
| Left lower limb muscle weakness, paraesthesia, difficulty urinating, rapid bowel movements |
| Chang et al. [21] | Transverse myelitis | 68 male, metastatic melanoma | Combination ipilimumab and Nivolumab 3 cycles, then 1 dose Pembrolizumab | T5 to T10 enhancement at site of prior radiation (30 Gray in 10 fractions to T7-T10), CSF protein 99 mg/dL |
| Intermittent tingling and numbness at soles of feet with ascension to knees during 2 months of Nivolumab, rapid progression after Pembrolizumab to gait instability, ataxia, ascension of sensory loss to hips, urinary retention, and faecal incontinence |
| Durães et al. [23] | Encephalomyelitis | 58 female, metastatic melanoma | Pembrolizumab 2 cycles | MRI T2 hyperintense lesions with gadolinium enhancement, CSF protein 292 mg/dL, oligoclonal IgG bands |
| Left hemiparesis, global hyporeflexia, distal hypoesthesia, and gate impairment without ataxia |
| Narumi et al. [24] | Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder | 75 male, squamous cell carcinoma of lung | Nivolumab 1 dose | T2 hyperintense lesions C5-C6 and Th12-L1, CSF white cell count 1195 microL, CSF protein 381 mg/dL, and serum anti-aquaporin-4 antibody positive |
| Acute paralysis lower limbs, sensory loss Th10 down, and urinary retention |
| Poretto et al. [25] | Myelitis | 73 male, clear cell renal carcinoma | Nivolumab | Spine MRI demonstrated intensive contrast-enhancing intramedullary lesion with surrounding T2 hyperintensity, CSF protein 80 mg/dL |
| Left lower limb hypoesthesia and urinary incontinence |
| Wilson et al. [27] | Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis | 35 male, classical Hodgkin lymphoma | Pembrolizumab 2 cycles 3 weeks apart | MRI myelitis from pons to lower thoracic spine, CSF demonstrated 24 mononuclear cells/m3, antihuman-IgG antibody bound to Tregs with high CD62L and CD25 |
| Acute urinary retention, constipation, spastic tetra paresis, and profound sensory level loss |
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