Recurrent Solitary Fibrous Tumor in Intradural Extramedullary Space: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 3

Reported cases of spinal intradural extramedullary solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma.

Case report, year	Age/sex	Chief complaint at presentation	Level	T1-W	T2-W	Contrast enhancement	Treatment	RT regimen (if performed)	Outcome	Treatment of recurrence
Pitlyk et al., 1965 [36]	39/M	Total paraplegia	T8	N/A	N/A	N/A	GTR	N/A	Tumor recurred 4 times in 8 years	Reoperation
Pitlyk et al., 1965 [36]	60/M	Paresthesia and weakness of RL	C4	N/A	N/A	N/A	GTR	N/A	N/A
Pitlyk et al., 1965 [36]	49/F	Left-sided weakness and paresthesias	C3	N/A	N/A	N/A	GTR	N/A	10 years NED	—
Kitanaka et al., 1993 [37]	59/F	Gait disturbance	T6	Isointense	N/A	HomE	EBR	N/A	16 months NED
Malek et al., 1997 [38]	33/M	Back pain; Progressive myelopathy; LE dysesthesias	T7-T8	—	Hypointense	Mild enhancement	Resection, NS	N/A	N/A
Kanahara et al., 1998 [39]	62/M	Sensory disturbance of bilateral lower extremity	C6-C7	Hypointense	Hypointense	Marginal enhancement	GTR	N/A	N/A
Brunori et al., 1999 [40]	46/F	Left sciatalgia	T12-L1	T1 görüntü	NS	HomE	GTR	N/A	4 months NED
Vorster et al., 2000 [41]	51/M	Burning sensation and numbness in both thighs weakness in the LLE	T2-T3	Well-circumscribed mass at T2–3, which enhanced homogeneously on T1-weighted MR imaging with gadolinium	NS	HomE	GTR	N/A	7 months NED
Kurtkaya et al. 2001 [42]	70/F	RL weakness	T3	Irregular isointensity	Irregular hypointensity	E	CR	N/A	No recurrence until the report
Dufour et al., 2001 [43]	45/M	Paraparesis	Cervical (not specified)	N/A	N/A	N/A	CR	N/A	2 years NED
Dufour et al., 2001 [43]	18/F	Dorsalgia	Thoracal (not specified)	NM	N/A	N/A	STR + RT	40 Gy	Alive after 4.6 years of f/u
Dufour et al., 2001 [43]	43/F	Intercostal neuralgia	Thoracal (not specified)	NM	N/A	N/A	CR	N/A	4.1 years NED
Dufour et al., 2001 [43]	38/M	Intercostal neuralgia	Thoracic (NS)	N/A	N/A	N/A	CR + RT	40 Gy	12.8 years NED
Betchen et al., 2002 [44]	31/M	B/L leg paresthesia; LE cramping and fatigue	L4	Intermediate signal	Increased signal	Diffuse enhancement	EBR	N/A	No recurrence at the time
Pizzolitto et al., 2004 [45]	36/M	Paresthesias of right foot; LE weakness; Urinary loss and rectal incontinence	T7/T8	NS	NS	HomE	CR	N/A	12 months NED
Bohinski et al., 2004 [46]	49/F	Neck pain and stiffness	C4	İsointense	Hypointense	HomE	EBR	NA	10 months NED
Piana et al., 2004 [47]	67/M	Lumbar pain; Weakness in RLE	L1-L2	NS	NS	HetE	GTR	—	—	—
Ogawa et al., 2005 [48]	63/F	Sensory disturbance of LE	T11	Mildly hypointense	Hypointense	HomE	GTR	—	18 months NED	—
Pakasa et al., 2005 [49]	27/M	Back pain	T5-T7	—	—	—	STR	—	Recurrence after 14 years	Surgery
Munoz et al., 2008 [33]	35/M	Hypoesthesia	Sacral	—	—	—	CR	—	Pulmonary mets at 4th year	Observation
									New nodules and lumbosacral recurrence at the 6th year	Palliative RT
									New metastatic lesions in lungs and liver at the 7th year	Chemotherapy
Fitzpatrick et al., 2009 [50]	54/M	Left paraspinal, buttock, and anterolateral thigh pain radiating down the anterior shin and left foot	L4-L5	Soft tissue signal intensity	Soft tissue signal intensity	NS	GTR + RT	NS	N/A
Arantes et al., 2009 [22]	22/M	Dorsal pain associated with B/L hypoesthesia and weakness of the LE	T1-T2	Isointense	Isointense	HomE	GTR	—	18 months NED
Moscovici et al., 2011 [51]	20/M	Mild thoracic back pain radiating to the LL progressive paraparesis fecal and urinary incontinence	T9-T10	Isointense	Isointense	HomE	GTR; Patient was referred to RT but declined and went with imaging and clinical follow-up	Patient declined the treatment	2 years NED
Ackerman et al. 2011 [52]	58/M	Acute weakness of the LE bladder and bowel incontinence	T10	Isodense	Hyperdense	E	EBR	—	N/A
Kirkbride et al., 2011 [53]	72/M	Acute urinary retention	C3	NS	Moderately hyperintense	HomE	CR	—	—	—
Bisceglia et al. [54]	47/M	Weakness in RLE	T3-T4	NS	NS	—	GTR	—	11.6 years NED	—
Brigui et al., 2012 [55]	56/M	Neuropathic pain of the RLE LL pain and gait difficulties	T6-T7	Isointense	Isointense	HomE	GTR	—	29 months NED
Mariniella et al., 2012 [56]	67/M	Pain dysesthesia and weakness in left arm and leg	C4-7	Isointense	Hypointense	HomE	GTR	—	1 year NED
Shirzadi et al., 2013 [31]	49/M	Patient with a history of SFT presented with left LE weakness and B/L radicular pain	T9-T12	NS	NS	E	Debulking	—	Recurred in postoperative month 4 with multiple metastases	No intervention
Shirzadi et al., 2013 [31]	57/M	Lower back pain	T9-T10	NS	NS	E	Preoperative embolization followed by microdissection + adjuvant RT	(IMRT of 5580 cGy over 48 elapsed days) to his resection cavity	3 years NED
Shirzadi et al., 2013 [31]	56/M	Neck discomfort radiating into head and both shoulders	C1-C3	NS	NS	E	GTR	Radiosurgery was performed on recurrence (month 6- T2-3 level)	3 years NED
Drazin et al., 2013 [34]	56/M	Neck pain radiating to head and shoulders	C0-C4	NS	NS	E	CR	—	Metastasis at T2-T3 6 months postoperative	Radiosurgery
Lee et al., 2013 [57]	21/M	Neck pain; B/L tingling sensation in both hands	C1-C2	Isointense	Hyperintense	HomE	CR	—	1 year NED
Kobayashi et al., 2014 [58]	40/M	Gait disturbance and numbness in both hands	C4-C5	Hypointense	NS	HomE	Resection, NS	—	Recurrence after 17.7 years	STR
Sade et al., 2015 [59]	43/M	Weakness of LE		NS	Hypointense	HomE	Resection, NS	N/A	NM
Das et al., 2015 [60]	50/M	Quadriparesis, numbness in B/L UE	C4-C5	NS	NS	E	GTR + adjuvant RT (EBRT) + adjuvant CT	NS	23 months NED
Das et al., 2015 [60]	12/F	Paraparesis	T11-L1	NS	NS	E	GTR + RT	NS	9 months NED
Kaur et al., 2015 [11]	16/M	Loss of strength in LE	T9	N/A	N/A	N/A	Excision, NS followed by RT	f 45 Gy in 25 fractions over a period of 5 weeks	5 years NED
Basaran et al., 2015 [61]	67/M	Walking disability	L3	NS	Hypointense	HomE	Surgery, NS	—	12 months NED
Biswas et al., 2017 [62]	35/F	Backache; LE weakness	T10-T11	Hypointense	Hyperintense	NM	STR + metastasectomy	20 Gy in five fractions over 1 week to the primary residual site
Chew et al., 2017 [63]	63/M	Back pain; Paraparesis; Sensory deficit of LE	T9	NS	NS	E	GTR	N/A	12 months NED
Albert et al. 2017 [64]	10/M	RUE weakness	C1-C3	Hypointense	Hypointense	HomE	GTR	—	1 year NED	—
Tomamatsu et al., 2019 [65]	68/F	Incidental lesion on imaging	T9	Isointense	Hypointense	HetE	GTR	N/A	3 years NED
Wang et al. 2019 [18]	21/M	Backache	T3-T4	NS	Slightly hyperintense	NS	GTR + RT	Not specified for the patient; median dose is 40 Gy (35-45 Gy)	96 months NED
Wang et al. 2019 [18]	43/F	Backache	T8	NS	Slightly hyperintense	NS	GTR + RT	Not specified for the patient; median dose is 40 Gy (35-45 Gy)	Recurrence 49 month postoperatively	RT
Wang et al. 2019 [18]	35/F	Neck pain; UE numbness	C4-C6	NS	Slightly hyperintense	NS	STR	N/A	Recurrence at month 32 postoperatively	No treatment
Wang et al. 2019 [18]	33/F	Backache	T9	NS	Slightly hyperintense	NS	GTR + RT	Not specified for the patient; median dose is 40 Gy (35-45 Gy)	70 months NED
Wang et al. 2019 [18]	57/M	Backache	T3-T4	NS	Slightly hyperintense	NS	GTR	N/A	67 months NED
Wang et al. 2019 [18]	37/F	Backache	T6	NS	Slightly hyperintense	NS	GTR	N/A	Recurrence at month 22 postoperatively	RT
Wang et al. 2019 [18]	40/F	Backache; LE weakness	T11-t12	NS	Slightly hyperintense	NS	STR + RT	Not specified for the patient; median dose is 40 Gy (35-45 Gy)	42 months NED
Wang et al. 2019 [18]	49/M	Backache	T4	NS	Slightly hyperintense	NS	GTR	N/A	35 months NED
Wang et al. 2019 [18]	34/F	Neck discomfort	C6-c7	NS	Slightly hyperintense	NS	GTR	Not specified for the patient; median dose is 40 Gy (35-45 Gy)	24 months NED
Murata et al., 2020 [35]	49/F	Chest pain	T6	İsointense	Hypointense	NS	GTR	—	Recurrence at 12 month postoperatively	Carbon ion radiotherapy-64 Gy
Kim et al., 2020 [66]	64/M	RL pain		Hypointense	Hypointense	HetE	Surgical removal, NS	N/A	1 year NED
Glauser et al., 2020 [67]	72/M	LE weakness, pain and numbness	C5-C7	T1w hypointense (?)	NS	NS	GTR	N/A	N/A
Singla et al., 2020 [68]	50/M	Quadriparesis, numbness in B/L UE	C4-C5	N/A	N/A	N/A	GTR + adjuvant RT + adjuvant CT	Not specified	Recurrence at 62 months postoperatively
Singla et al., 2020 [68]	12/F	Acute conus cauda syndrome	T11-L1	N/A	N/A	N/A	GTR + adjuvant RT	NS	52 months NED
Singla et al., 2020 [68]	38/M	Spastic paraplegia bladder dysfunction	C7-T1	N/A	N/A	N/A	GTR	N/A	50 months NED
Koduru et al., 2020 [69]	16/F	Weakness of RUE and RLE	C5-C7	Hypointense	Hyperintense	HomE	CR	N/A	N/A
Dauleac et al., 2020 [70]	67/M	Asthenia and weakness RLE	T8-T9	NS	Hyposignal	NS	CR	N/A	1 year NED

Abbreviations are as follows: M: male; F: female; LE: lower extremity; RLE: right lower extremity; LLE: left lower extremity; UE: upper extremity; RUE: right upper extremity; LUE: left upper extremirt; LL: left leg; RL: right leg; B/L: bilateral; C: cervical; T: thoracal vertebra; L: lombar vertebra; HomE: homogenous enhancement; HetE: heterogenous enhancement; E: enhancement (not specified) GTR: gross total resection; STR: subtotal resection; CR: complete resection; EBR: en bloc resection; NS: not specified; RT: radiotherapy; CT: chemotherapy N/A: not applicable NED: no evidence of disease; Gy: gray.