Case Report

Oculodentodigital Dysplasia: A Case Report and Major Review of the Eye and Ocular Adnexa Features of 295 Reported Cases

Table 4

Eye and ocular adnexa features reported in ODDD.

OrbitMicrophthalmia (110/37%)Hypotelorism (24/8%)Hypertelorism (22/7%)Short axial length (4/1%)
Anterior segmentAnterior chamberShallow anterior chamber (12/4%)Deep anterior chambers (2/<1%)
CorneaMicrocornea (111/38%)Thick corneas (4/1%)Corneal opacities (3/1%)Corneal farinata (1/<1%)Band keratopathy (1/<1%)Corneal keratosis (1/<1%)Abnormal Descemet’s membrane (1/<1%)Anteriorly deviated Schwalbe’s line (1/<1%)
ScleraBlue sclera (1/<1%)
PupilPersistent pupillary membranes (13/4%)Eccentric pupils (3/1%)
LensCataracts (17/6%)Lens opacities (2/<1%)White retrolental masses (1/<1%)
Uvea (iris, ciliary body)Pale/atrophic irides (11/4%)Uveitis (10/3%)General iris abnormalities (7/2%)Synechiae (4/1%)Hypoplastic anterior iris stroma (3/1%)Ciliary body cysts (2/<1%)Flat iris (1/<1%)Iridoschisis (1/<1%)Inferior iris coloboma (1/<1%)Dysplastic iris (1/<1%)

Posterior segmentUvea (choroid)Thick choroid (2/<1%)Thin choroid (1/<1%)
VitreousVitreous degeneration (1/<1%)Vitreous membrane attachment to optic nerve and lens (1/<1%)Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (1/<1%)
Retina/fundusDysplastic retina/fundus (3/1%)Pale retina/fundus (2/<1%)Thread-like retinal vasculature (2/<1%)Dystrophic retinal epithelium (1/<1%)Hypoplastic macula (1/<1%)Absent fundal glow with B-scan ultrasound (1/<1%)
Optic discPale/atrophic optic disc (3/1%)Dysplastic optic disc (2/<1%)Ellipsoid optic disc (1/<1%)Optociliary vein presence (1/<1%)Optic disc hypervascularity (1/<1%)

Ocular adnexaEyelidShort/narrow palpebral fissures (56/19%)Epicanthus (36/12%)Telecanthus (11/4%)Ptosis (7/2%)Blepharophimosis (1/<1%)Entropion (1/<1%)Ectropion (1/<1%)Epiblepharon (1/<1%)Mucosal hypertrophy (1/<1%)
Eyebrow/eyelashMadarosis (19/6%)Flared eyebrows (3/1%) (2 medially flared)Synophyrs (1/<1%)
Nasolacrimal ductNasolacrimal duct abnormalities (2/<1%)Hypolacrimation (1/<1%)

OtherRefractive errorsMyopia (16/5%) (2 anisometropic)Hyperopia (8/3%) (2 anisometropic)Astigmatism (1/<1%)
Eye movement disordersStrabismus (27/9%) (9 esotropic, 1 exotropic)Nystagmus (8/3%)Amblyopia (3/1%)Duane syndrome (2/<1%)Brown syndrome (1/<1%)
Additional eye disordersGlaucoma (51/17%) (4 closed-angle, 1 open-angle)Paracentral scotoma (1/<1%)
ERG/neurologicalAbnormal ERG (2/<1%)Delayed visual evoked responses (2/<1%)Occipital subcortical white matter changes (1/<1%)