Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Improve Chronic Diabetic Macular Edema

Table 1

Summary of three cases of DME pre and 6 months (M) after the SGLT2-i administration.

	Case 1		Case 2		Case 3
	Pre	6 M after SGLT2-i	Pre	6 M after SGLT2-i	Pre	6 M after SGLT2-i
Age (yrs)/sex	66/F		68/F		61/F
Body height (cm)	158		156		153
Body weight (kg)	49.1	45.2	43	41.1	46.1	45
Blood pressure (mmHg)	150/82	136/62	128/70	126/74	124/77	121/70
SGLT2 inhibitor	—	Empagliflozin 25 mg	—	Dapagliflozin 5 mg	—	Luseogliflozin 2.5 mg
Diabetes treatment	Vildagliptin 100 mg; Glimepiride 1.5 mg	Vildagliptin 100 mg	Alogliptin 25 mg; Acarbose 300 mg; Metformin 500 mg	Acarbose 300 mg; Metformin 500 mg	—	—
Ophthalmic treatment; OD	Focal laser	—	Focal/grid laser IVA ×7	—	Focal laser, IVA ×1	—
; OS	Focal laser	—	IVR ×2, STTA ×2	—	Focal laser ×3, IVA ×5, STTA ×2	—
Central retinal thickness (μm) OD/OS	223/598	230/232	519/467	491/326	613/412	451/273
Visual acuity OD/OS	(1.0)/(0.3)	(1.2)/(0.6)	(0.3)/(0.3)	(0.6)/(0.3)	(1.0)/(1.0)	(1.0)/(1.0)
HgA1c (%)	7.4	6.5	7.0	7.9	6.5	6.1
Blood glucose (mg/dL)	116	118	118	129	113	100
Total protein (g/dL)	ND	6.5	6.4	6.9	7.6	ND
Albumin (g/dL)	ND	ND	ND	4.1	4.2	ND
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	ND	18	12	12	21	22
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	ND	13	11	11	18	18
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.47	0.42	0.61	0.65	0.59	0.62
U-protein (qualitative analysis)	—	—	—	±	—	—
U-albumin (mg/g・Cre)	8.7	6.9	ND	ND	24.8	ND

DME: diabetic macular edema; SGLT2-i: SGLT2 inhibitor; OD: oculus dexter; OS: oculus sinister; IVA: intravitreal injection of aflibercept; IVR: intravitreal injection of ranibizumab; STTA: sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide.