|
| | Reference, publication | Nature of TOW game | Nature of injury or presentation | Management and outcome | Comments |
|
| 1 |
Pawlowski et al. [6],
J. Trauma
1970
17 y/F | ? Recreational | Irreducible posterolateral dislocation of elbow joint | Open reduction and repair of joint ligaments and capsule. Returned to full activities at 11th week | NA |
|
| 2 |
Pedersen and Holset. [7],
Tandlaegebladet.
1981 Danish | NA | Thumb amputation | NA | NA |
|
| 3 |
Ferguson and Kierkegaard [8],
Ugeskr Laeger.
1981 Danish | NA | Trauma resulting from tug-of-war | NA | NA |
|
| 4 |
Morán [9],
Cesk Oftalmol. 1984
Article in Czech | NA | Extensive retinal hemorrhage | NA | Injury was believed to result from the Valsalva effect during the pull |
|
| 5 |
Demuynck and Zuker [10],
Acta Orthop. Be.
1995
16 y/M | NA | Biceps tendon rupture. Past history of microneural repair of left brachial plexus injury | Muscle strengthening physiotherapy | Injury attributed to strength regained following musculocutaneous nerve repair |
|
| 6 | Iiai et al. [11],
Kyobu Geka.
1997
Article in Japanese 38 y/F | Formal: athletic meeting | Bochdalek hernia with incarceration of transverse colon in left thoracic cavity | Hernia repair with direct suturing through a thoracotomy | Injury was believed to result from the Valsalva effect during the pull |
|
| 7 | Bruce and Hayes [12],
Orthopedics 1999
21 y/M | Informal: 25 pullers per team | Right dominant—transforearm amputation with multilevel avulsion of tendons, arteries, and nerves | Mid forearm amputation. Returned to full activity at 8 weeks post-op with below-elbow prosthesis | Patient was in the front and looped rope around distal forearm 2 inches proximal to wrist joint |
|
| 8 | Chuang et al. [13],
Plast. and Recon. Surg. 2001 | Casual—massive TOW game | 2 patients with type III traction avulsion transforearm amputation | Replantation with delayed nerve grafting at 6 months after injury | Rope had central trunk and multiple branches and ruptured at mid-point of central trunk |
|
| 9 |
LACUNAE [14]
2002
11 y/M | Recreational—supervised schoolyard game | Right palm—finger amputation | Microsurgery to restore the hand with good prognosis | Patient was at the front of his team and wrapped rope around the right fingers |
|
| 10 | Lin et al. [15],
J. Chin. Med. Assoc.
2003
64 y/M | Casual—massive TOW game | Multiple injuries: liver and spleen rupture, bilateral brachial plexus injury, and spinal cord injury—C5-6 intervertebral disc herniation | Surgical repair of injuries with discectomy and neurolysis. At 2 years, ADL was partially restored with assistive devices | Rope had central trunk and multiple branches and ruptured at mid-point of central trunk |
|
| 11 | Choi et al. [16],
Am. J. Orthop. 2008
3 y/F | Casual: played TOW on bed and fell down and injured the forearm | Volar forearm compartment syndrome | Volar compartment release and surgical exploration. Full restoration of hand function at 3 months | Rupture of flexor digitorum profundus muscle due to traction injury during TOW |
|
| 12 | Ye et al. [17],
Spinal Cord 2009 | ? Recreational | Single patient with a T10 spinal cord injury | NA | NA |
|
| 13 | Current case—2012
10 y/M | Recreational school picnic game | High radial nerve palsy presented as immediate weakness of forearm extensor muscles and wrist drop | Conservative treatment with wrist brace. Complete recovery at 3 months follow-up | The patient was in position one in a team of 6 and looped the rope 3 turns around the right upper arm |
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