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| Authors | Type of study | Study characteristics | Complications* |
|
| Weaver and Dunn, 1972 [1] | Case series—Level IV evidence | 15 pts; 12 acute, 3 chronic; mean age 31 yo; 12 men, 3 women; 13 acute; 2 chronic; mean F-U 35 mo (range 16–52 mo) | Mild clavicle elevation 20%
Redislocation 6.6%
Shoulder weakness 0% |
|
| Rauschning et al., 1980 [14] | Case series—Level IV evidence | 17 pts; 16 men, 1 women; mean age 30 yo (range 15–60 y); 12 acute, 5 subacute or chronic; mean F-U 3 y | Calcifications in ruptured ligaments 50%
Mild subluxation <5 mm: 25% (stress radiograph)
Redislocation 5.8% (epileptic attack) |
|
| Mulier et al., 1993 [15] | Case series—Level IV evidence | 58 pts undergoing conservative treatment: 10 failed cases treated with WD; mean age 31 yo (range 17–50 y); F-U 6.4 y | Ossification 10% in operated pts |
|
| Bradley and Tibone, 1997 [16] | Case series—Level IV evidence | 18 pts; types III, IV, and V ACJ dislocations; mean age 35 yo (range 19–62 y); 11 chronic, 7 acute; mean F-U 39 mo (range 18–77 mo) | No complications reported |
|
| Tienen et al., 2003 [17] | Case series—Level IV evidence | 21 pts; acute injuries; all type V ACJ dislocations; all competitive athletes; mean age 32 yo; F-U 35 mo (range 4 to 55 mo) | Minor periarticular calcifications in ACJ 28.5%
Subluxation of clavicle 9.5%
Fully dislocated clavicle 4.7%
Superficial wound infection 4.7%
Major ossification 0% |
|
| Kumar et al., 2007 [3] | Case series—Level IV evidence | 15 pts; chronic injuries; mean age 42 yo (range 25–59 y); 13 men, 2 women; 12 heavy physical activity; F-U 26 mo (range 12–64 mo) | Clavicle prominence 13.3%
Painful stiffness 13.3% (limitations to IR and ABD)
Scar sensitive 6.6%
Perioperative complications 0% |
|
|
Somers and van der Linden, 2007 [18] | Case series—Level IV evidence | 12 pts: 10 treated with WD, 2 with simple fixation to coracoid; 4 chronic, 8 acute injury; F-U 6–18 mo; sample characteristics not reported | Minor nonsymptomatic displacement of clavicle (<3 mm) 25%
Infections: superficial (wound) 8.3%, deep 0%
Loss of fixation 0%
Migration of metallic anchors 0% |
|
| Bezer et al., 2009 [19] | Case series—Level IV evidence | 33 pts with chronic injury; 4 lost; mean age 29.8 yo (range 19–47 y); 21 men, 8 women; all type III ACJ dislocations; F-U 69.4 mo (range 25–143 mo) | Deep infection 6.8%
Clavicle displacement 0%
NV complications 0% |
|
| Tauber et al., 2009 [20] | Cohort study—Level II evidence | 24 pts: 12 treated with modified WD, 12 with ST graft; chronic ACJ dislocations; 14 men, 10 women; mean age 42 yo; F-U 37 mo (range 24–58 mo) | WD group:
(i) superficial wound infection 8.3% |
|
| Boileau et al., 2010 [21] | Case series—Level IV evidence | 10 pts; 8 men, 2 women; chronic grades III/IV ACJ dislocations; 3 pts had initial pining in acute phase and 2 Mumford procedures; mean age 41 yo (range 19–52 y); mean F-U 12.9 mo (range 6–20 mo) | Partial bone block union to clavicle 20%
Superficial wound infection 10%
Endobutton migration 10%
Intraoperative complications 0%
ACJ instability or recurrence 0%
Periarticular calcifications 0% |
|
| Boström Windhamre et al., 2010 [22] | Retrospective comparative study—Level III evidence | 47 pts: 23 operated with WD + PDS suture, 24 with WD + hook plate fixation; chronic injuries type III-IV-V.
WD + Suture: 13 men, 10 women; mean age 39 yo (range 23–56 y); mean F-U 99 mo (range 51–155 mo) | WD + PDS:
(i) calcification CA: mild 43.7%, moderate 13%, severe 4.3%
(ii) subluxation: <25%: 5 pts (21.7%); 25–100%: 10 pts (43.7%); >100%: 3 pts (13%)
(iii) superficial wound infection 8.7%
(iv) redislocation: 4.3% |
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