A Thickened Coracohumeral Ligament and Superomedial Capsule Limit Internal Rotation of the Shoulder Joint: Report of Three Cases

Table 1

Range of motion and visual analogue scale of Cases 1, 2, and 3.

	AE	LE	1st ER	HBB	HF	2nd ER	2nd IR	3rd ER	3rd IR	VAS
Case 1
The initial visit	70	70	15	butt	15	30	−20	30	−20	7.7
Rehabilitation for 2 months	90	80	10	butt	10	30	−20	30	−20	6.4
After op for 8.6 months	165	160	65	Th6	60	90	90	95	45	0.6
Case 2
The initial visit	110	75	10	butt	10	10	20	30	0	6.4
After MUA for 2 months	155	140	50	L4	50	85	30	95	0	5.0
After op for 4.0 months	170	180	60	Th7	70	100	90	105	40	0
Case 3
The initial visit	110	90	45	L2	30	70	30	80	15	4.4
After rehabilitation for 6 months	150	110	70	L4	30	90	30	100	20	2.4
After op for 3.3 months	180	180	70	Th7	60	90	90	110	70	0

Internal rotation (bold font) is significantly improved after arthroscopic capsular release. The 2nd ER and IR and the 3rd ER and IR (italic font) were measured at the maximum range of motion of elevation.
AE: anterior elevation; LE: lateral elevation; 1st ER: external rotation in adduction of the shoulder joint; HBB: the highest posterior spinal level reached when hand is behind back; HF: horizontal flexion; 2nd ER: external rotation in 90 degrees of lateral elevation; 2nd IR: internal rotation in 90 degrees of anterior elevation; 3rd ER: external rotation in 90 degrees of anterior flexion; 3rd IR: internal rotation in 90 degrees of anterior elevation; VAS: visual analogue scale.