Osteoblastic Osteosarcoma Arising beneath an Osteochondroma in an 11-Year-Old Male with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses

Table 1

The table shows 13 cases with MHE and malignant transformation.

Cases	Age (yrs), sex	Clinical summary	Imaging findings	Malignancy	Reference
1	11, M	Family h/o MHE, 9 mos mild pain and worsening limp with 2 mos palpable enlarging pelvic enchondromas	10 × 12 × 12 cms; Sessile osteochondroma Left posterior pelvic ilium	Low-grade chondrosarcoma	Schmale GA et al. Sarcoma 2010, Article ID 41705, 7 pages, 2010
2	13, M	Family h/o MHE, 6 mos h/o of painless enlarging osteochondroma of left distal femur	10 × 10 × 7 cms lesion with sclerotic margin at distal femoral diaphysis, displaying obvious growth	Low-grade chondrosarcoma	Schmale GA et al. Sarcoma 2010, Article ID 41705, 7 pages, 2010
3	35, M	Pelvic pain, difficulty in urination, and defecation	Large mass with pelvic outlet demonstrating 10 × 9.4 × 14 cms	Chondrosarcoma	http://Radiopaedia.org
4	18, F	Bilateral bone knee deformities and associated pain	Multiple sessile and pedunculated exostoses bilaterally, peripheral permeation and heterogeneous appearance, MRI: large osteochondroma with irregular cartilage cap 10 mm	Low-grade chondrosarcoma	Vlok SCS et al. SA J Radiol 2014; 18(2):1-5
5	60, F	Known Ollier’s disease with increased swelling and pain in the right middle finger	Multiple enchondromas bilaterally right hand of metacarpals and phalanges with expansile growth in the right middle finger	Grade II chondrosarcoma	Vlok SCS et al. SA J Radiol 2014; 18(2):1-5
6	14, F	Tumor on L coxa	Ostedestructive lesion in the superior 3rd of the left femur	Grade I chondorsarcoma	Gomes ACN et al. Radiol Bras 2006; 39(6): 449-451
7	30, F	Multiple exostoses over the right elbow, the left knee, and cervical body of C6 on the right. Positive family h/o 3 mos sudden rounded hard lesion, Right cervical region	MRI: rounded lesion arising from right articular mass of C6, hyperintense on T1 weighted images with a small enhancing nodule	Grade I chondrosarcoma	Landi A et al. J Solid Tumors 2012; 2(3): 63-70
8	14, F	Increasing pain and swelling of the left knee joint, 2 yrs	Juxtacortical tumor, irregularly and heavily ossified with focal lucent areas at proximal end of the left tibia. CT: large mass with areas of irregular mineralization	Chondroblastic osteosarcoma	Nojima T et al. 1991; 62(3):290-292
9	19, F	Family h/o MHE		Spindle cell sarcoma	Matsuno et al. 1988. J Bone Joint Surg. Am. 70 : 137-141
10	29, M	Family h/o MHE		Spindle cell sarcoma	Matsuno et al. 1988. J Bone Joint Surg. Am. 70 : 137-141
11	48, M	Family h/o MHE, abdominal pain and mass, erectile dysfunction, urinary symptoms	Mass seen in pelvis on CT, MRI 16 × 12 × 13 cms arising from the left pubic bone, which deformed the bladder and sigmoid colon	Undifferentiated chondrosarcoma	Willms et al. 1997. Int. Orthopead 21: 133-136
12	23, M	Pain and swelling on the left proximal tibia, later joint limitation and pain, swelling in posteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia	Large-based sessile osteochondroma which involved almost the whole bone	Osteosarcoma	Engel EE et al. 2012. Genet. Mol. Res. 11(1): 448-454.
13	60, F	Bilateral femoral shaft fractures after falling out of wheel chair		Chondrosarcoma	Rupp M et al. 2016. Orthop Rev 8(3):1-4

mos: months; h/o: history of; MHE: multiple hereditary exostoses; cms: centimeters; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; CT: computerized tomography.