Malignant Diffuse-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor in the Subcutaneous Tissue of the Midthigh: A Report of a Rare Tumor in an Unusual Location

Table 1

Summary of previous reported cases of malignant TS-GCT.

Study	No.	Sex	Age	Location	Type	Size	Type	Recurrence	Metastases	Follow-up
Castens and Howell [3]	1	F	48	Foot	E	NA	Metachronous (6 y)	Yes	Thigh, groin (10 y)	AWD (9 y)
Schajowicz [9]	1	NA	NA	Knee	NA	NA	Metachronous (NA)	No	Lung (2 y)	DOD (2 y)
Ushijima et al. [10]	1	M	59	Knee	I	12	Metachronous (10 y)	Yes	Thigh, LN, back, ribs (2 y)	AWD (6 y)
Nielsen and Kiaer [11]	1	M	67	Knee	I	12	De novo	Yes	Pelvic, sacrum, spine, lung, pleura, thyroid (4 m)	DOD (8 m)
Abdul-Karim et al. [2]	1	F	43	Knee	E	17	Metachronous (11 y)	No	No	NED (5 y)
Shinjo et al. [12]	1	F	72	Hip	I	12	Metachronous (10 m)	Yes	Bladder, pelvic, lung, ilium, mesentery (10 m)	DOD (15 m)
Bertoni et al. [6]	8	M	59	Knee	E	20	De novo	NA	NA	NED (13 y)
		M	57	Foot	E	6	De novo	Yes	Groin (11 m)	DOD (21 m)
		F	37	Knee	NA	NA	Metachronous (10 m)	Yes	No	NED (NA)
		F	74	Knee	NA	NA	De novo	Yes	LN (NA)	DOD (41 m)
		F	71	TMJ	NA	NA	Metachronous (NA)	Yes	Lung (NA)	DOD (NA)
		M	12	Thigh	E	NA	De novo	No	Spine, lung (5 y)	DOD (5 y)
		F	79	Ankle	E	NA	Metachronous (NA)	No	No	DOD (NA)
		F	38	Ankle	I	NA	De novo	No	No	NED (3 y)
Kalil and Unni [8]	1	F	85	Ankle	I	NA	Metachronous (58 y)	Yes	Lung, LN (NA)	DOD (1 y)
Layfield et al. [13]	2	F	65	Knee	I	15	Metachronous (40 y)	Yes	Thigh (NA)	AWD (6 y)
		M	24	Hip	I	15	Metachronous (2 y)	NA	NA	NA
Somerhause and Dal Cin [1]	6	M	42	Hand	E	4.5	De novo	NA	No	NA
		F	21	Thigh	E	3	De novo	Yes	No	NED (13 m)
		F	50	Paravertebral	E	13	De novo	Yes	Lung (21 m)	DOD (35 m)
		F	58	Elbow	E	3	De novo	Yes	NA	NA
		F	33	Sacrococcygeal	E	2.5	De novo	NA	NA	NED (6 m)
		F	26	Knee	E	13	De novo	Nil	Nil	NA
Wu et al. [14]	1	M	27	Forearm	E	1.5	Metachronous (2 m)	No	No	NED (2 y)
Bhadra et al. [15]	3	M	65	Knee	E	4	Metachronous (3 m)	Yes	Pelvis, lung (2 y)	DOD (34 m)
		F	72	Knee	I	NA	Metachronous (8 m)	No	No	NED (6 m)
		F	53	Finger	E	NA	De novo	Yes	No	NED (8 m)
Oda et al. [16]	1	F	53	Sacrum	E	5	Metachronous (10 m)	Yes	LN (7 m)	AWD (NA)
Li et al. [17]	7	M	45	Ankle	I	8	Metachronous (7 m)	No	Spine (9 m)	DOD (NA)
		F	78	Knee	E	8	De novo	Yes	No	NED (NA)
		F	39	Forearm	E	12	Metachronous (31 y)	No	LN, lung (11 m)	AWD (NA)
		M	52	Knee	E	10	De novo	No	No	NED (NA)
		M	68	Elbow	E	6	De novo	No	No	AWD (NA)
		F	67	Leg	E	17	De novo	No	No	NED (NA)
		F	46	Thigh	E	5	De novo	No	LN (9 m)	NED (NA)
Yoon et al. [18]	1	M	29	TMJ	E	7	Metachronous (6 y)	No	Lung (30 m)	AWD (30 m)
Imakiire et al. [19]	1	F	56	Knee	I	NA	Metachronous (11 y)	Yes	Vertebra, pelvis (20 m)	AWD (21 m)
Kondo et al. [20]	1	F	58	Buttock	E	6	De novo	No	Lung (6 m)	AWD (13 m)
Theunissen et al. [21]	1	M	66	Wrist	E	6	Metachronous (2 y)	Yes	No (2 y)	NED (2 y)
Richman et al. [22]	1	F	55	Leg	E	20	Metachronous (7 w)	No	Lung, LN (NA)	DOD (21 m)
Alexiev et al. [23]	1	M	57	Knee	I	4.6	Metachronous (NA)	No	Lung (2 y)	NA
Al-Ibraheemi et al. [7]	10	M	32	Thigh	NA	NA	De novo	No	Lung (NA)	AWD (6 m)
		M	61	Finger	NA	NA	De novo	No	No	NED (15 m)
		M	60	Ankle	NA	NA	Metachronous (NA)	No	Lung, LN (NA)	DOD (6 m)
		F	56	Leg	NA	NA	De novo	No	No	NED (7 m)
		F	72	Thumb	NA	NA	De novo	No	No	NED (5 m)
		M	72	Pelvic	NA	NA	De novo	No	No	DOD (1 m)
		F	26	Toe	NA	NA	De novo	No	No	NED (27 m)
		M	64	Pelvic	NA	NA	Metachronous (NA)	No	Lung (NA)	DOD (66 m)
		M	27	Pelvic	NA	NA	De novo	Yes	No	AWD (48 m)
		M	46	Wrist	NA	NA	De novo	Recent	Recent	Recent
Nakayama et al. [4]	6	F	33	Knee	I	NA	Metachronous (21 y)	Yes	LN, lung (8 m)	DOD (6 y)
		M	53	Thigh	E	NA	De novo	Yes	LN, lung (1 y)	DOD (20 m)
		F	55	Knee	E	NA	Metachronous (3 m)	Yes	LN, lung (2 m)	DOD (23 m)
		F	46	Hip	E	10	De novo	Yes	Lung (initial)	DOD (9 m)
		M	44	Thigh	E	NA	Metachronous (3 y)	Yes	Lung (initial)	DOD (17 m)
		M	55	Knee	NA	NA	Metachronous (3 m)	No	LN, lung (1 y)	DOD (2 y)
Salem et al.	1	F	34	Thigh	E	4.4	De novo	No	No	NED (1 y)

M: male; F: female; NA: not available; E: extra-articular; I: intra-articular; LN: lymph nodes; NED: no evidence of disease; AWD: alive with disease; DOD: death of disease.