Acute Contained Ruptured Aortic Aneurysm Presenting as Left Vocal Fold Immobility

Table 1

High risk features for aneurysm rupture/dissection [4].

Historical features; (i) Pain (back, chest, and epigastrium); (ii) Syncopal episode; (iii) Trauma (deceleration or torsional injury); (iv) History of extreme exertion or emotional distress just prior to onset; (v) Pregnancy; (vi) Cocaine or other stimulants use; Past medical history; (i) Known thoracic aortic aneurysm; (ii) Known aortic valve disease; (iii) Hypertension (especially uncontrolled); (iv) Bicuspid aortic valve; (v) Coarctation of the aorta; (vi) Aberrant right subclavian artery; (vii) Right aortic arch; (viii) Pheochromocytoma; (ix) Chronic corticosteroid or immunosuppression agent use; (x) Human immunodeficiency virus; (xi) Infections of aortic wall (bacteria, fungi, tuberculosis, and syphilis)

Past surgical history; (i) Aortic valve replacement; (ii) Recent aortic manipulation (surgical or catheter-based); Familial history of thoracic aortic disease; (i) Familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissection syndrome; (ii) Bicuspid aortic valve; Predisposing genetic syndromes; (i) Marfan syndrome; (ii) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; (iii) Turner syndrome; (iv) Loeys-Dietz syndrome; (v) Polycystic kidney disease; (vi) Noonan syndrome; (vii) Alagille syndrome; (viii) Congenital contractural arachnodactyly; (ix) Beals syndrome; Predisposing inflammatory conditions; (i) Giant cell arteritis; (ii) Takayasu arteritis; (iii) Behçet disease; (iv) Ankylosing spondylitis