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| Source | Age | Presenting symptom(s) | Prior history of prostatic carcinoma | Radiologic findings of TBM | Histologic findings of TBM | Treatment/follow-up | PSA levels (0–4.0 ng/mL) |
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| Janczewski and Fujital, 1972 | 77 | Generalized bone pain, vertigo, ataxia, left 8th nerve paralysis | Yes (4 yr priorly, hormonal therapy given) | NR | NR | Died of extensive metastatic prostatic carcinoma | NR |
|
| Helcl and Malec, 1973 | 57 | Tinnitus, hearing loss, temporomandibular joint pain | No (4 mo later vertebral lesions developed, primary site found on search) | Destruction of apex of right pyramidal bone | NR | Irradiation, hormonal therapy: NR | NR |
|
| Applebaum and Dolsky, 1977 | 64 | Ear pain | No (primary site found on search) | Destructive lesion in petrous apex | Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma | Hormonal therapy, died of tumor after 4 mo | NR |
|
| Coppola and Salanga, 1980 | 50 | Left-sided ear pain, preauricular tenderness, hearing loss | Yes (4 yr priorly, well-differentiated treated by TURP) | Erosion of left temporal bone | Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma | Irradiation, alive with stable disease 1 yr after TBM |
NR |
|
| Schrimpf et al., 1982 | 81 | Dizziness, right-sided ear pain, hearing loss | No (1 yr later prostate biopsy revealed well-differentiated carcinoma) | Dense sclerosis of mastoid bone, a defect in petrous bone | Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma | Hormonal therapy, alive with stable disease 1 yr after TBM | NR |
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| Castaldo et al., 1983 | 67 | Left jaw pain and facial weakness | 4 years earlier he was admitted to hospital for bladder outlet obstruction | CT scan showed metastatic lesion of the left temporal bone invading the left temporal lobe | NR | 3000 rad whole brain radiation | NR |
|
| Jung et al., 1986 | 75 | Facial palsy with CN V and XII involvement | NR | NR | Undifferentiated carcinoma of the prostate gland | NR | NR |
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| Svare et al., 1988 | NR | CNVIII involvement | NR | Skull X-ray showed right temporal bone lesion | NR | Radiotherapy | NR |
|
| Sahin et al., 1991 [30] | 69 | Dizziness, right-sided temporal pain, hearing loss | Yes (3 yr priorly, stage, irradiation given) | Osteoblastic lesion in the temporal bone with epidural extension | Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with immunoreactivity for PAP and PSA | Irradiation, chemotherapy alive with stable disease 6 months after TBM | 62.8 ng/mL |
|
| Sahin et al., 1991 [30] | 73 | Right-sided ear pain, tinnitus, hearing loss | No (found on search) | Osteolytic destructive mass in petrous bone with soft tissue component | Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with immunoreactivity for PAP and PSA | Hormonal therapy, alive 4 yr after TBM | NR |
|
| Pringle et al., 1993 | 50 | Sudden onset left-sided deafness and tinnitus associated with pain in his left ear, around his left eye and radiating into the back of the head | Prostate cancer in 1988 and treated with transurethral resection | MRI revealed a large enhancing lesion on the right side adjacent to the internal auditory meatus | Metastatic prostatic carcinoma | Local radiotherapy and goserelin. Eighteen months after treatment patient was alive | NR |
|
| Hellier et al., 1997 | 60 | Two-month history of a progressive loss of function of the left CNVII-XII, pulsatile tinnitus and left-sided deafness | Rectal examination revealed a rock hard smooth prostate compatible with prostatic carcinoma | Vascular mass eroding the intralabyrinthine portion of the temporal bone and extending into the petrous apex | Metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma | Radiotherapy plus anti-androgen treatment | NR |
|
| Messina et al., 1999 | 75 | 6-month history of progressive weight loss, initial visual impairment and paraphasia | Yes (15 yr priorly, underwent radical prostatectomy and treated with external-beam radiation therapy) | Extra-axial osteoblastic lesion arising from the left petrous and occipital bones | Immunohistochemical staining positive for prostate-specific acid phosphatase | Temporal, occipital, and parietal bone resection with external-beam radiation and bicalutamide therapy | 26 ng/mL |
|
| Schwetschenau et al., 2001 | 60 | Right-sided ear pain, vertigo, hearing loss, watery otorrhea, forehead parathesis | Yes (5 yr priorly, treatment not discussed) | CT scan showed sclerotic bones of the anterior canal fossa | Immunohistochemical staining positive for prostate-specific acid phosphatase | Radiation therapy | 1200 ng/mL |
|
| McAvoy et al., 2002 | 64 | 1-day history of binocular horizontal diplopia | 1-week history of diagnosed prostate cancer | CT scan showed bony destruction of the right petrous apex and paracavernous region | NR | Hormonal therapy and alive 1 year later | NR |
|
| McDermott et al., 2004 | 68 | Facial droop (CNVII) | Metastatic disease present at time of the original diagnosis of prostate carcinoma | MRI showed petrous bone involvement | NR | Treated with a course of external beam radiation therapy | NR |
|
| McDermott et al., 2004 | 68 | Facial droop (CNVII) | Yes | MRI showed clivus and temporal bone involvement | NR | Treated with a course of external beam radiation therapy | NR |
|
| Malloy, 2007 | 66 | Four-day history of blurred vision that was worse when he looked left and medial deviation of the left eye without pain or other neurologic deficits | Recent diagnoses of prostate cancer for which he was being treated | Two masses were found on MRI. One was 1.6 × 2.4 × 1.8 in size within the mid and left clivus and involving the left cavernous sinus. A secondary mass was found in the left temporal lobe | NR | Radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient was alive 2.5 years after initial presentation | NR |
|
| Mitchell et al., 2008 | 55 | Progressive onset left-sided facial weakness and occipital and neck pain | No (found on search) | CT showed permeative bone destruction in the left skull base, involving the lower petrous temporal bone | NR | Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist treatment with anti-androgen cover with palliative radiotherapy | 88.9 ng/mL |
|
| Alvo et al., 2012 [17] | 63 | 3-month history of headache, right-sided hearing loss, and instability, without vertigo, nausea, or otalgia | 11 years priorly the patient was diagnosed with prostate cancer and had undergone prostatectomy plus radiotherapy | CT and MRI showed infiltrative mass in the right petrous apex and clivus, compromising the internal auditory canal | NR | Hormonal therapy with leuprolide and radiotherapy and was stable six months later | 63.2 ng/mL |
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