A Case of Aspiration Pneumonia Caused by Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks Associated with Delayed Identification of Iatrogenic Skull Base Injury during Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Figure 3

Intraoperative findings. (a) The bone defect and cerebrospinal fluid leaks were found in the right frontal ethmoidal skull base. (b) A piece of fascia was introduced through the dural defect into the intracranial cavity. The graft was gently pulled with forceps to plug the fistulae. (c) Another piece of fascia was placed as an overlay graft as the second layer. (d) A septal mucosal flap was placed as the third layer.

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(b)

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