Case Report
Spiral Fracture in Young Infant Causing a Diagnostic Dilemma: Nutritional Rickets versus Child Abuse
Table 2
Literature review of healthy infants and symptomatic infants.
| | Reference | Number of infants | Age of infant
(months) | Mean/median maternal 25(OH)D
(ng/ml) | Mean/median infant 25(OH)D
(ng/ml) | Percent of mothers with hypovitaminosis |
| | Studies with normal healthy infants | | Atiq et al. (1998) | 62 | 0–11 | 12.82 | 13.86 | — | | Bodnar et al. (2007) | 400 | 0 | 26 | 21.31 | — | | Dawodu et al. (2003) | 78 | 1–4 | 8.7 | 4.6 | — | | Gür et al. (2014) | 99 | 0 | 15.1 | 15 | — | | Halicioglu et al. (2012) | 258 | 0 | 11.5 | 11.5 | — | | Nicolaidou et al. (2006) | 123 | 0 | 16.4 | 20.4 | — |
| | Studies of infants/mothers with symptomatic hypovitaminosis D | | Balasubramanian et al. (2006) | 13 | 3.8 | — | 3.86 | 100% | | Daaboul et al. (1997) | 5 | 6.8 | <8.72 | <6.4 | 100% | | Dawodu et al. (2005) | 38 | 13.5 | 5.32 | 3.2 | 97.4% | | Elidrissy et al. (1984) | 36 | 10.5 | 5.2 | 9.55 | 97.2% | | Caviglia et al. (2005) | 15 | 2 | 7.81 | 7.01 | 100% | | Mehrotra et al. (2010) | 60 | 3 | 6.54 | 4.92 | 89% | | Nozza and Rodda (2001) | 31 | 16 | — | — | 90.3% | | Robinson et al. (2006) | 63 | 15.1 | — | — | 100% |
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