Case Report

Internal Carotid Dissection as the Cause of Stroke in Childhood

Table 2

Pediatric case reports on CAD associated with minor head/cervical trauma.

Author/yearNo. of patientsAgeCause of injurySymptomsMRI or CT images

Borges et al. (2000) [16]216 yearsIntraoral traumaLeft hemiparesis, somnolence, confusionInfarct/right MCA
4 yearsLeft hemiparesis, aphasiaInfarct/left ICA

Bar et al. (2002) [17]19 yearsIntraoral traumaRight hemiparesis, aphasiaInfarct/left ICA

Payton et al. (2004) [18]111 yearsBumped headSlurred speech and headache, tongue deviated to the right side and eyes deviated to the left, dysarthria, confusionInfarct/left ICA

Agner and Weig (2005) [19]24 monthsChild abuseSeizures, left gaze unsteady gait, tremors in the right armInfarct/left ICA

Pierrot et al. (2006) [20]24.5 yearsFallConfusion, left hemiplegia, central facial nerve palsyInfarct/right ICA
3.5 yearsAsymptomaticNo infarct/right ICA

Jariwala et al. (2006) [21]117 yearsMotor vehicle accidentIncreased confusion, lack of strength, sensation of the entire left upper extremityInfarct/right ICA

Lin et al. (2007) [22]17 yearsWater slide injuryHeadache, vomiting, neck pain, facial palsy, hemiplegia, and slurred speechInfarct/right ICA

Levack et al. (2009) [23]114 yearsShoulder beltRight hemiplegia and aphasiaInfarct/right CCA

Moriarty et al. (2009) [24]110 monthsIntraoral traumaDecreased level of consciousness, weaknessInfarct/left MCA

Agostini et al. (2013) [7]27 yearsViolent head hyperextension-rotation episodesIrritability, right-sided weaknessInfarct/left MCA
2 yearsVigorous somersaultsHeadache and visual troubleInfarct/left ICA

Nouh et al. (2015) [25]14 yearsRoller coaster rideLeft-sided weakness and left facial dropInfarct/right MCA

Akbas et al. (2016) [26]15 yearsWater slide useSlurring of speech, right-sided weaknessInfarct/left ICA

Bent et al. (2016) [27]116 monthsIntraoral traumaDiminished left extremity movement, dysconjugate gaze, fluctuating mental statusInfarct/right ICA

Zant et al. (2017) [4]14 yearsMinor head traumaEncephalopathy and left-sided hemiplegiaInfarct/right MCA and ICA

Cebeci et al. (2018) [6]110 yearsMinor shoulder traumaDysphasia, facial palsyNo infarct/right ICA