A Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection by Brevibacterium casei in a Child with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Case Report and Literature Review

Table 1

Characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of the Brevibacterium casei infection cases identified in a PubMed search conducted in March 2020.

No	Age (y), sex	Underlying disease	Infection	Device	Empiric therapy (days^‡)	Treatment after relapse (days^‡)	Ref.
1	25, M	Choriocarcinoma	Sepsis	Permanent catheter	PIPC + TEIC (10)	PIPC + TOB (10)	[2]
2	46, F	NHL	CRBSI	CVC	CEX (10)	Device removal	[3]
3	N/A^∗	Neuroblastoma	CRBSI	Broviac catheter	N/A	N/A	[4]
4	18, F	AIDS	Sepsis, CRBSI	Port-a-cath	CPFX (14) + device removal	No relapse	[5]
5	34, M	AIDS	Sepsis, CRBSI	Hickman catheter	CAZ + VCM (8) + device removal	No relapse	[6]
6	43, F	Crohn's disease	CRBSI	Port-a-cath	VCM (15)	CVA/AMPC (3), MEPM (3), VCM (3) + device removal	[7]
7	31, M	N/A, HD	CRBSI	Hickman catheter	VCM (15)	VCM + antibiotic lock (15)	[7]
8	78, M	Cancer	Pericardial infection	N/A	VCM (11) + Pericardiocentesis	No relapse	[8]
9	62, F	PH	Sepsis, CRBSI	CVC	MFLX (21) + VCM (10) + device removal	No relapse	[9]
10	31, M	None	Brain abscess	N/A	Craniotomy/excision + CTX (7) + AMPC (28)	No relapse	[10]
11	37, M	CKH, PD	Peritonitis	PD catheter	CAZ + VCM (14)	Device removal	[11]
12	12, M	None	Endophthalmitis	N/A	CAZ^† + VCM^† + CEZ (5)	No relapse	[12]
13	33, F	SLE, PD	Peritonitis	PD catheter	CAZ + CEZ (14)	VCM (28) + device removal	[13]
14	6, M	ALL, FN	CRBSI	Hickman catheter	TAZ/PIPC + VCM (N/A)	No relapse	[14]
15	48, F	Breast cancer	CRBSI	Port-a-cath	CPFX (20)	TEIC (7) + device removal, LZD (7)	[15]
16	8, F	AML, FN	CRBSI	PICC	MEPM (19) + VCM (19) + device removal	No relapse	Our case

∗Child. †Intravitreal injection. ‡Duration of the treatment. AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; AMPC, amoxicillin; CAZ, ceftazidime; CEZ, cefazolin; CEX, cephalexin; CKH, congenital kidney hypoplasia; CPFX, ciprofloxacin; CRBSI, catheter-related bloodstream infection; CTX, cefotaxime; CVA/AMPC, clavulanate/amoxicillin; CVC, central venous catheter; F, female; FN, febrile neutropenia; HD, hemodialysis; LZD, linezolid; M, male; MEPM, meropenem; MFLX, moxifloxacin; N/A, not available; NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; PD, peritoneal dialysis; PH, pulmonary hypertension; PIPC, piperacillin; Ref, reference; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; TAZ/PIPC, tazobactam/piperacillin; TEIC, teicoplanin; TOB, tobramycin; y, year; VCM, vancomycin.