A Challenging Case of Oral Ulcers and Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Crohn’s or Behçet’s Disease

Table 2

Similar and different characteristics of Behçet’s disease and Crohn’s disease.

Clinical history	Crohn’s disease	Both	Behçet’s disease
Demographics	More common in Northern Europe, Northern America, United Kingdom.; Female > male		Asian and Mediterranean populations.; Male > female
Genetic and laboratory markers	NOD2/CARD15, ASCA, ANCA		HLA-B51
Ophthalmologic	Mostly insidious onset. Bilateral anterior uveitis, dry eyes, blepharitis, and episcleritis	Uveitis	More recurrent and sight-threatening. Pan-uveitis or posterior uveitis with necrotizing retinal vasculitis
Oral		Oral aphthous ulcers
Cardiovascular		Thrombotic events	Superficial thrombophlebitis, venous thrombosis, arterial aneurysm. Pulmonary artery thrombosis
Gastrointestinal	On endoscopy, discontinuous longitudinal ulcers (≥4 to 5 cm), cobblestone appearance, and/or small aphthous ulcerations are arranged in a longitudinal fashion. Noncaseating granulomas, cryptic architectural abnormalities, and discontinuous inflammation. Anal strictures, fistula, and abscess formation	Gastrointestinal symptoms	On endoscopy, single or few (≤5), large (>1 cm), discrete, and round or oval-shaped ulcerations in the ileocecal area. Other forms include neutrophilic phlebitis and ischemia damage (vasculitis)
Hepatobiliary	Primary sclerosing cholangitis		Budd-Chiari syndrome
Genitourinary			Genital ulcers with scar, epididymitis/orchitis
Dermatological	Pyoderma gangrenous, sweet’s syndrome, neutrophilic dermatosis	Erythema nodosum	Pathergy, pseudofolliculitis
Musculoskeletal		Peripheral arthritis, sacroiliitis, spondyloarthropathy
Neurological			Neuro-Behçet

Patient’s manifestations are in bold. The table has been adapted from the works of Yazisis [1] and Valenti et al. [2].