Case Report

Positive Emotions from Brain Injury: The Emergence of Mirth and Happiness

Table 1

Neuropsychological tests [8].

Raw score%ile

Digit span175
Trail making A time (seconds)584
BNT with stimulus cues (0/1)55/6024
COWAT verbal fluency (F (8) + A (12) + S (5))254
Category (animal) naming1618
WAIS-IV block design209
Hooper visual organization test total24.563
Memory
CVLT (short form) trials 1-4 total173
CVLT (short form) short delay and long delay free recall3, 02
CVLT (short form) long delay cued recall0<1
CVLT (short form) total recognition discrimination1.831
WMS-IV logical memory I219
WMS-IV logical memory II00.1
WMS-IV logical memory II recognition15/233-9
BVMT-R trial 1-30-3-2<1
BVMT-R total recall, delayed recall, percent retained5, 0, 0%<1
Executive (including trail making A, COWAT, and block design)
Trail making B time (seconds)10612
WCST-64 categories completed and trials to complete 1st4, 11>16
WCST-64 total errors1553
WCST-64 perseverative responses and errors11, 1021
WCST-64 nonperseverative errors553
WCST-64 conceptual level responses4642
D-KEFS design fluency test filled dots total correct516
D-KEFS design fluency test empty dots total correct49
D-KEFS design fluency test switching total correct25
Sum of scaled scores (7, 6, 5)185
D-KEFS tower test total achievement score109
WAIS-IV similarities2125
Stroop color naming (seconds)8023
Stroop word reading (seconds)5431
Stroop Color-Word Interference (seconds)2141
Grooved pegboard dominant (R) time (seconds)1222
Grooved pegboard non-dominant (L) time (seconds)1492

BNT = Boston Naming Test; BVMT-R = Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; COWAT = Controlled Oral Word Association Test; CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test; D-KEFS = Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; Sec = seconds; WAIS-IV=Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV; WCST-64 = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64 Card Version; WMS-IV=Wechsler Memory Scale-IV.