Symptomatic Patent Foramen Ovale with Hemidiaphragm Paralysis

Table 1

Literature review: reported cases of PFO and hemidiaphragm.

Patient #	Author, year	Age and gender	SOB duration	Hemidiaphragm diagnosis	Probable cause of paralysis	Side of hemidiaphragm	RAP (M/A/V) mmHg	PA Pressure (M/A/V) mmHg	PFO closure improving hypoxia	PaO2 correction on arterial blood gases on PFO closure
(1)	Murray et al., 1991 [2]	72, male	3 months	CXR, fluoroscopy	Idiopathic/Viral	Right	Normal	—	Yes	60 to 71 mmHg
(2)	Cordero et al., 1994 [3]	57, male	1 month	Chest X-ray, sniff test, EMG	Neurapraxia	Right	—	—	Not closed	37 to 78 mmHg
(3)	Ghamande et al., 2001 [4]	79, female	6 weeks	CT, sniff test	Postsurgical	Right	7/9/7	30/15/21	Yes	55 mmHg before closure
(4)	López Gastón et al., 2005 [5]	75, male	7 days	CXR, chest CT, fluoroscopy	L central line placement	Right	2	19.4	Yes	50 to 63 mmHg
(5)	Maholic and Lasorda, 2006 [6]	84, female	1 month	Chest X-ray, sniff test	Guillain Barre	Right	5, mean	22/5	Yes	48 to 67 mmHg
(6)	Perkins et al., 2008 [7]	73, female	2 weeks	Chest X-ray, Sniff Test	Idiopathic	Right	5, mean	14 mean	Yes	65 mmHg before closure
(7)	Fabris et al., 2015 [8]	66, female	Few weeks	Chest X-ray	Idiopathic	Right	3	12 mean	Yes	—
(8)	Sakagianni et al., 2012 [9]	72, female	3 weeks	Chest X-ray	After surgery	Right	14	36/19/24	Yes	Patient on vent at time of closure
(9)	Darchis et al., 2007 [10]	79, female	3 weeks	Chest X-ray	Liver mets and enlarged liver	Right	4	—	Yes	60 to 78 mmHg
(10)	Darchis et al., 2007 [10]	61, female	Acute	Chest X-ray	Postsurgical (phrenic nerve injury)	Right	5	—	Yes	61 to 84 mmHg
(11)	Darchis et al., 2007 [10]	84, female	3 weeks	Chest X-ray	Idiopathic	Right	—	—	Yes	49 to 74 mmHg