Combining Minimally Invasive Techniques in Managing a Frail Patient with Postpneumonectomy Bronchopleural Fistula

Figure 1

(a) The narrow fistula tract is the identifiable target for glue obliteration. (b) Percutaneous CT fibrin instillation. (c) Virtual bronchoscopy is useful for the estimation of the problem. (d) Airtight obliterated fistula after the water test. (e) Thoracoscopic images of a chronic bronchopleural fistula.