Necrotizing Granulomatous Pneumocystis Infection Presenting as a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Clinical characteristics and diagnosis of eight patients with nodular granulomatous Pneumocystis jirovecci pneumonia.

Patient number	Dako et al. 2019	Lam et al. 2013	Patel et al. 2016	Kim et al. 2016	Kim et al. 2015	Paul 2018	Moualla and Saeed 2014	Dai et al. 2021
Age	49	49	61	47	69	68	37	59
Gender	Female	Female	Male	Male	Female	Male	Male	Male
Symptoms	Dyspnea, cough	Cough, weight loss	Dyspnea, cough	Cough	Asymptomatic	Asymptomatic	Dyspnea, fever	Cough
Primary diagnosis	Peripheral T-cell lymphoma	Active smoker	DLBCL	HIV	DLBCL	Rectal cancer	Kidney transplant	CLL
Radiology	Multiple nodules	SPN	SPN	Multiple nodules	SPN	SPN	Multiple nodules, mediastinal LAD	SPN
Diagnostic procedure	BAL	VATS	VATS	VATS	VATS	VATS	EBUS-TBNA	VATS
Antibiotic treatment	TMP-SMX	TMP-SMX	Atovaquone	TMP-SMX	TMP-SMX	None	TMP-SMX	Pentamidine

Data pulled from references 1–3, 5–9. BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; SPN: solitary pulmonary nodule; DLBCL: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; VATS: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; LAD: lymphadenopathy; EBUS-TBNA: endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia; TMP-SMX: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.