Case Report

Haemothorax and Thoracic Spine Fractures in the Elderly

Table 1

Potential causes of pleural effusions.

Cirrhosis [6]Congestive heart failure [6]Malignancies [7]
Drug-induced [6, 8]Bacterial/viral pneumonia [6]Pulmonary embolism [6]
Sarcoidosis [6]Lupus [9]Rheumatoid arthritis [10]
Pancreatitis [6]Fungal infection [6]Asbestos exposure [11]
Hemothorax [35]Trapped lung [12]Tuberculosis [10]
Empyema [6]Hypothyroidism [6]Urinothorax [6]
Constrictive pericarditis [6]Yellow nail syndrome [6]Chylothorax [6]
Meigs’ syndrome [13]Dressler’s syndrome [14]Boerhaave syndrome [15]