Case Report
Haemothorax and Thoracic Spine Fractures in the Elderly
Table 1
Potential causes of pleural effusions.
| Cirrhosis [6] | Congestive heart failure [6] | Malignancies [7] | Drug-induced [6, 8] | Bacterial/viral pneumonia [6] | Pulmonary embolism [6] | Sarcoidosis [6] | Lupus [9] | Rheumatoid arthritis [10] | Pancreatitis [6] | Fungal infection [6] | Asbestos exposure [11] | Hemothorax [3–5] | Trapped lung [12] | Tuberculosis [10] | Empyema [6] | Hypothyroidism [6] | Urinothorax [6] | Constrictive pericarditis [6] | Yellow nail syndrome [6] | Chylothorax [6] | Meigs’ syndrome [13] | Dressler’s syndrome [14] | Boerhaave syndrome [15] |
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