Failure of Urological Implants in Spinal Cord Injury Patients due to Infection, Malfunction, and Implants Becoming Obsolete due to Medical Progress and Age-Related Changes in Human Body Making Implant Futile: Report of Three Cases

Figure 2

Case 2: ten-minute film of intravenous urography, performed in February 2008, showing some blunting of the right upper pole calyx with some reduction in cortical thickness at the right upper pole compatible with chronic pyelonephritis. Otherwise, both pelvicalyceal systems and ureters appear normal. The intradural electrodes of the sacral anterior nerve roots and the receiver block implanted in right flank can be seen.