Possible Complications of Ureteroscopy in Modern Endourological Era: Two-Point or “Scabbard” Avulsion

Table 1

Classification of ureteral avulsion.

One-point ureteral avulsion	Two-point ureteral avulsion (discontinuity of ureter)
Ureteral avulsion, when ureter rupture is in the distal part of ureter	Avulsion of ureter from proximal to middle part of ureter (upper third)
Ureteral avulsion, when ureter rupture is in the middle part of ureter	Avulsion of middle part of ureter (middle third)
Ureteral avulsion, when ureter rupture is in the proximal part of ureter	Avulsion of distal part of ureter (lower third)
Avulsed only endothelium (there is no discontinuation of whole ureter walls)	Avulsion of proximal and middle part of ureter (upper and middle third)
	Avulsion of middle and distal part of ureter (middle and lower third)
	Avulsion of whole ureter (scabbard avulsion)