Possible Complications of Ureteroscopy in Modern Endourological Era: Two-Point or “Scabbard” Avulsion

Table 2

Reconstruction options by site of injury [10].

Site of injury	Reconstruction options
Upper ureter	Ureteroureterostomy; Transureteroureterostomy; Ureterocalicostomy
Mid ureter	Ureteroureterostomy; Transureteroureterostomy; Ureteral reimplantation and a Boari flap
Lower ureter	Ureteral reimplantation; Ureteral reimplantation with a psoas hitch
Complete	Ileal interposition graft; Autotransplantation